Dictators Threaten World Peace

1
Dictators Threaten World Peace

• CH 24 Sect 1
• Pg 734

2
Failures of the peace of WWI

• Treaty of Versailles caused anger resentment.
• Germans saw nothing fair in the treaty blaming
  them for the war.
• Soviets resented the carving up of Russia.
• People turned to authoritarian leaders to solve
  economic social problems.
• Dictators were able to seize power.

3
Joseph Stalin Transforms the Soviet Union

• Democracy gave way to civil war resulting in the
  establishment of a communist gov.
• Joseph Stalin took control.
• Made both agricultural industrial growth the
  prime goals of the Soviet Union.
• Abolished all privately owned farms replaced
  them w/ gov. owned farms.
• All economic activity was placed under state
  management.
• Established a totalitarian state gov. that
  maintained complete control over its citizens.
• Individuals have no rights, gov. oppresses all
  opposition.

4
Rise of Fascism in Italy

• Benito Mussolini established a totalitarian
  state in Italy.
• Unemployment inflation produced bitter strikes,
  communist led.
• Middle upper class demanded stronger
  leadership.
• Mussolini played on the fears of economic
  collapse communism.
• Won support of many discontented Italians.

5
Rise of Fascism in Italy

• Mussolini established the Fascist Party.
• Fascism stressed nationalism placed the
  interests of the state above the individual.
• black shirts Mussolini supporters
• IL Duce the leader

6
Nazis take over Germany

• Adolf Hitler followed the path of Mussolini
• Nazis Party National Socialist German Workers
  Party
• Fuhrer the leader
• Promised to bring Germany out of chaos
• Mein Kampf Hitlers book which set forth the
  basic beliefs of Nazism
• Nazism the German brand of Fascism, based on
  extreme nationalism.

7
Nazis take over Germany

• Hitler dreamed of uniting all German speaking
  people in great German empire.
• Wanted to enforce racial purification
• Blonde haired, blue eyed, Aryans master race
• National expansion more living space
• Great Depression helped Nazis come to power.
• Germanys economy was dependant on the U.S. so
  they were hit hard.

8
Nazis take over Germany

• Unemployed men joined Hitlers private army.
  brown shirts
• Nazis had become the strongest party.
• Hitler appointed chancellor
• Dismantled the Weimar Republic established the
  Third Reich

9
Militarists gain control in Japan

• Nationalist military leaders trying to take over
  the imperial gov. of Japan.
• Need for more living space.
• Launched a surprise attack on Chinese province of
  Manchuria.
• League of Nations allowed actions despite the
  goal to prevent aggressive acts.
• Condemned Japan, who simply quit the league.

10
Aggression in Europe Africa

• Hitler pulled Germany out of the League of
  Nations.
• Began a military build up
• Sent troops into the Rhineland
• League did nothing to stop Hitler
• Mussolini began building his empire beginning w/
  Ethiopia.
• League of Nations response was an ineffective
  economic boycott.

11
Civil War in Spain

• Francisco Franco rebelled against the Spanish
  republic.
• Spanish Civil War began
• Americans sent aid but the aid was not sufficient
  to stop the spread of fascism.
• Western democracies remained neutral.
• Hitler Mussolini backed Franco w/troops
• Forged a close relationship b/w Germany Italy.
• Spain became a Fascist state.

12
Americans cling to Isolationism

• Americans were determined to avoid war maintain
  isolationism.
• Congress passed a series of Neutrality Acts.
• Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war.
• Extended the ban on arms sales loans to nations
  engaged in civil war.

13
Neutrality breaks down

• Roosevelt found it impossible to remain neutral
  despite public opinion.
• U.S. continued to send supplies to China b/c
  Japan had not declared war on China.
• Roosevelt spoke out against isolationism.

14
Answer these questions

• In what countries did totalitarian governments
  come to power?
• What was the goal of the militarists who took
  control in Japan?
• How did the League of Nations responds to
  aggression?
• What type of foreign policy did the U.S. adopt
  after WWI?
• What laws did Congress pass regarding foreign
  policy?
• Why did many Americans have difficulty with a
  policy of neutrality?