Chapter 23 WORLD WAR II

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Chapter 23 WORLD WAR II
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The Coming of War 1931-1942

• What events caused World War II, and how did the
  United States become involved?

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Standards

• SSUSH19
• The student will identify the origins, major
  developments, and the domestic impact of World
  War II, especially the growth of the federal
  government.
• SSUSH19.a
• Explain A. Philip Randolph's proposed march on
  Washington, D.C. and President Franklin D.
  Roosevelt's response.
• SSUSH19.b
• Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and
  the internment of Japanese-Americans.

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Dictators and WarsSection 1

• Why did totalitarian states rise after World War
  I, and what did they do?
• Vocabulary
• -totalitarianism appeasement
• -Spanish Civil War Joseph Stalin
• -Benito Mussolini Anschluss
• -Adolf Hitler Munich Pact
• -antisemitic

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Dictators and Wars
A Bitter Peace Unravels   Main Idea After World
War I, extreme dictatorships known as
totalitarian states rose up in many European
countries. Repression in the Soviet Union and
Italy Main Idea Joseph Stalin rose to power in
the Soviet Union and Benito Mussolini took
control of Italy. Both used repression to exert
control over their country. Aggressive Leaders
in Germany and Japan Main Idea The depression
helped Hitler rise to power in Germany and led to
Japan attempting to expand their empire with
aggressive military action. Dictators Turn to
Aggression Main Idea The League of Nations was
not able to stop rising aggression in Europe and
Asia, therefore, Germany, Italy, and Japans
aggressive acts continued throughout the 1930s.
Aggression Goes Unchecked Main Idea The
United States and other democratic nations tried
to grant some concessions to totalitarian nations
in order to prevent another war.
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THE AXIS POWERS
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Definitions

• Alliance union or association of nations that
  is set up to further the common interests of its
  members
• Appeasement policy of giving in to the demands
  of a hostile power to avoid conflict and maintain
  peace
• Democracy governments power and authority rest
  with the people. People express their power
  through voting
• Fascism political philosophy that calls for the
  glorification of the nation above the individual
  includes the use of force against opposition
• Propaganda media that supports the spread of
  ideas for the purpose of helping or damaging a
  cause
• Totalitarianism government that has total
  control of society. Power rest in the hands of a
  few people

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Characteristics of a Totalitarian State
CHART
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Germany Faces Economic Collapse

• A Troubled Germany
• Treaty of Versailles
• Economic unrest
• Political Instability
• Weimar Republic
• US Response
• Isolationism
• War Debt Repayment
• Dawes Plan

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Rise of Adolf Hitler

• Hitlers Early Years
• Hitler and the Nazi Party
• Beer Hall Putsch
• Mein Kampf
• Aryan Race -
• Hitler Becomes Dictator
• Anti-Semitic Policies
• Nuremburg Laws 1935
• Kristallnacht Night of the Broken Glass
• Hitlers Policies
• US Response
• Focus on domestic concerns
• Security through disarmament

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Germany

• Hitler, Der Fuhrer a discontented Austrian
  painter who joined the National Socialist German
  Workers Party, became its head,, went to jail,
  wrote a book, and then won a following who made
  him their leader
• Mein Kampf My Struggle Hitlers
  best-selling first volume of his autobiography
  which outlines Nazi philosophy and plans for the
  nation
• Rhineland region in western Germany along the
  border of France and Belgium that had been closed
  to German military after WWI. Hitler invades, we
  appease him in 1936.
• Sudetenland region of eastern Czechoslovakia
  with a large German population, given to Germany
  as part of an appeasement deal in 1938.

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German words to know

• Reichstag German Parliament, makes Hitler a
  dictator
• Luftwaffe German version of the Air Force
• Sitzkreig sit down war sitting still and
  waiting while the enemy makes battle plans and
  masses troops
• Blitzkreig lightening war used tanks,
  artillery, and soldiers on foot to move rapidly
  into enemy territory before the enemy has time to
  react
• Einsatzgruppen German paramilitary forces,
  often called the SS.
• Lebensraum living space what the Germans
  claimed they needed, why they are expanding

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Hitler Describes the Jews

• 'The struggle between the people and the hatred
  amongst them is being nurtured by very specific
  interested parties. It is a small, rootless,
  international clique that is turning the people
  against each other, that does not want them to
  have peace ... It is the people who are at home
  both nowhere and everywhere, who do not have
  anywhere a soil on which they have grown up, but
  who live in Berlin today, in Brussels tomorrow,
  Paris the day after that, and then again in
  Prague or Vienna or London, and who feel at home
  everywhere. Man in audience shouts 'The Jews!'
  They are the only ones who can be addressed as
  international, because they conduct their
  business everywhere, but the people cannot follow
  them.'

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Fascism in Italy

• Turmoil
• Same as rest of the world
• Cheated by the Treaty of Versailles
• Depression
• Mussolini and Fascism
• Why would Fascism appeal to anyone?
• Order and control during chaos
• Promise to revive the Roman Empire
• Private Property
• Rise to Power
• Italian Imperialism
• US Response
• Neutrality Acts
• Moral Embargo

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ITALY

• Mussolini, Il Duce WWI vet who organized
  Fascist groups. When he threatened to march on
  Rome, the king panicked and made him Prime
  Minister.
• Black Shirts Il Duces Fascist thugs who
  controlled the opposition,
• The Country is nothing without Conquest.
• Ethiopia March 1936 Il Duces first conquest

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Spanish Civil War

• Spanish Civil War
• Francisco Franco and the Nationalist Party
• Hitler and Muss helped out
• Rome-Berlin Axis
• Military Alliance
• US Response
• Neutrality is tested

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Rise of Militarism in Japan

• Militarism in Japan
• Depression and second rate reputation led to
  Military Leaders gaining power
• Japanese Imperialism
• Attacked Manchuria 1931
• Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
• Shanghai 1937
• US Response
• Words w/o Deeds
• Quarantine Speech

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JAPAN

• Unhappiness with their position in the world of
  the 1920s, Japan expanded to fill their need for
  raw materials and markets and land for their
  growing population.
• 1931 Japan seizes Manchuria, and its conquest
  of Asia begins.
• Hideki Tojo Minister of War for Japan, leader
  of military after 1941.
• Kamikaze suicide airplanes used as strategic
  bombs to take out ships in the pacific.
• 1940 Japan controls most of Eastern China.
  Signs neutrality agreement with Soviet Union as
  well!

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The Rape of Nanking
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• Totalitarian governments that control every
  aspect of citizens lives
• Fascism political philosophy that places the
  nation in a place of greatest importance, even
  over the individual
• Tripartite Pact neutrality pact and alliance
  between the Axis powers, signed September 1940.

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Note Taking Reading Skill Summarize
Reading Skill Summarize
TRANSPARENCY
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Violation and Appeasement

• Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles
• Reoccupies the Rhineland on the French Border
• The Sudetenland
• 3 million Germans lived in the West Border of
  Czechoslovakia
• The Munich Agreement
• Appeasement of Hitler
• US Response
• Negotiation and appeasement

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Invasion of Czechoslovakia

• Hitler Invades
• Goes against Munich promise
• Made demands of Poland
• Wanted Danzig and Polish Corridor
• Nazi-Soviet Pact
• Non-aggression pact of Hitler and Stalin
• Secret plan to divide Poland
• Plan to Invade Poland
• US Response
• Pressing for Peace
• Planning for War

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Note Taking Identify Main Ideas
Reading Skill Identify Main Ideas
NOTE TAKING
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Transparency Political Cartoons The Nazi Party
Political Cartoons The Nazi Party
TRANSPARENCY
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Progress Monitoring Transparency Section 1
PM TRANSPARENCY
Progress Monitoring Transparency
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From Isolation to InvolvementSection 2

• How did Americans react to events in Europe and
  Asia in the early years of World War II?
• Vocabulary
• -Neutrality Act of 1939 blitzkrieg
• -Axis Powers Tripartite Pact
• -Allies Lend-Lease Act
• -Winston Churchill Atlantic Charter

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From Isolation to Involvement
Roosevelt Opposes Aggression Main Idea
Roosevelt was against the aggression occurring in
Europe and Asia, but did not take direct action
against the totalitarian countries. War
Erupts in Europe Main Idea When Germany invaded
Poland, war broke out and eventually expanded
across Europe. Americans Debate
Involvement Main Idea Early on, most Americans
were against getting involved in the war, but
slowly began supporting Britain America Takes
Steps Toward War Main Idea The United States
began providing open support to Britain, and
received an aggressive response from Germany.
Continued
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Reading Skill Sequence
NOTE TAKING
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World War II Begins

• Invasion of Poland September 1, 1939
• Blitzkrieg
• US RESPONSE
• Neutrality Questioned
• Cash and Carry Plan
• American Public Opinion

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FDRs Quarantine Speech

• When an epidemic of physical disease starts to
  spread, the community approves and joins in a
  quarantine of the patients in order to protect
  the health of the community against the spread of
  the disease.War is a contagion, whether it be
  declared or undeclared. It can engulf states and
  peoples remote from the original scene of
  hostilities. We are determined to keep out of
  war, yet we cannot insure ourselves against the
  disastrous effects of war and the dangers of
  involvement.
• President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine speech,
  October 5, 1937

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Poland Falls to the Nazis

• Britain and France signed an alliance with
  Poland, guaranteeing aid if Hitler attacked
• Hitler signed a Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
  with the Soviets on August 23, 1939 (agreed to
  divide Poland)
• September 1, 1939, war started with blitzkrieg
• War entered an eight-month period of quiet known
  as the phony war

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Transparency German Blitzkrieg
German Blitzkrieg
TRANSPARENCY
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FALL OF FRANCE

• French Maginot Line
• Belgium Corridor
• France Falls in 6 Weeks
• British and French troops escape from Dunkirk

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US Supports Great Britain

• Britain is Isolated
• France goes down early
• Britain was lone power with ability to stop AXIS
• Atlantic Charter -
• Winston Churchill New Prime Minister of Britain
• FDR and Churchill Met
• Seek no territory
• Support self-rule
• US Response
• Lend-Lease Act March 1941
• Arsenal of Democracy
• Garden Hose
• Germany Attacks US Destroyers

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Great Britain

• Winston Churchill PM of GB during the war.
• We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on
  the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields
  and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills
  we shall never surrender.
• The Bombing of Great Britain Battle of Britain
  Hitler attempted to destroy GBs will to fight
  back against German advances. (Remember the
  Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe? Thats why the
  kids were sent from London to the country!)

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Battle of Britain 1940
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European Theater
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Isolationists and Interventionists

• Isolationists wanted complete neutrality
• America First Committee criticized FDRs
  pro-British policies
• Charles Lindbergh was a leader, who feared the
  Soviet Union and Japan
• Interventionists wanted to help Great Britain and
  the Allies in order to stay out of the war, but
  they believed that the U.S. should prepare for
  war
• Election of 1940 FDR defeated Republican
  Wendell Willkie

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Analyze Political Cartoons The Only Way to Save
Democracy
Political Cartoons The Only Way to Save Democracy
ANALYZE
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Quick Study Should the United States Enter World
War II?
Should the United States Enter World War II?
QUICK STUDY
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United States

• FDR the president.
• We look forward to a world founded upon four
  essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of
  speech and expression--everywhere in the world.
  The second is freedom of every person to worship
  God in his own way-- everywhere in the world. The
  third is freedom from want . . . everywhere in
  the world. The fourth is freedom from fear . . .
  anywhere in the world.

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• Neutrality Act we will stay out of it both by
  not fighting and not selling military stuff to
  countries who are fighting
• American Pacific Fleet moved from California to
  Pearl Harbor. (bad decision!)
• Lend-Lease Act
• German U-boats attack American ships
• The Great Arsenal of Democracy the idea that
  the US militarys assets are available for use
  for defense of democratic countries against
  foreign aggressors
• December 7, 1941, A day which will live in
  infamy.

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Progress Monitoring Transparency Section 2
PM TRANSPARENCY
Progress Monitoring Transparency
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America Enters the WarSection 3

• How did the United States react to the Japanese
  attack on Pearl Harbor?
• Vocabulary
• -Hideki Tojo Douglas MacArthur
• -Pearl Harbor Bataan Death March
• -WAC Battle of Coral Sea

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Sec 3 America Enters the War
America Enters the War
Japan Attacks the United States   Main Idea
After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, the
United States officially entered the war.
Mobilizing for War Main Idea The attack on
Pearl Harbor and the start of the war led to a
wave of patriotism, and a large number of
Americans volunteered for service or created
goods needed. Fierce Fighting in the Pacific
Main Idea Early on, the Japanese seemed to
have control of the fighting in the Pacific, but
by 1942 the United States had won some ground.
Continued
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A Date Which Will Live in Infamy

• Japanese Aggression
• China, French Indochina, Dutch East Indies,
  British Malaya
• Japan needed Oil, Rubber, Food
• US Response
• Cancelled commercial treaty w/Japan
• Stopped exporting gasoline and scrap metal
• December 7, 1941
• US Response
• Declaration of War

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Tojo
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Pearl Harbor
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Japanese attack Pearl Harbor

• General Hideki Tojo prime minister in 1941
• Send 6 aircraft carriers under Vice Admiral
  Chuichi Nagumo to end American naval and air
  presence in the Pacific
• Americans lost nearly 2500 killed, 8 battle ships
  damaged, 160 aircraft destroyed aircraft
  carriers survived

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Note Taking Reading Skill Identify Causes and
Effects
Reading Skill Identify Causes and Effects
NOTE TAKING
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A Date Which Will Live in Infamy

• Drawing found on a Val shot down during the
  attack. Translated, it says, "Hear! The voice of
  the moment of death. Wake up you fools."

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The United States Goes to War
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FDR
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Chester Nimitz
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Transparency Women and the War Effort
Women and the War Effort
TRANSPARENCY
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Mobilizing for War

• 16 million Americans served in the military
• Womens Army Corps (WAC) 350,000 women
• War Production Board (WPB) oversaw conversion of
  industry to war materials
• Ford Motor Company built B-24 Liberator bombers
• Henry J. Kaisers shipyards produced Liberty
  Ships

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Graph World War II Aircraft Production
World War II Aircraft Production
GRAPH
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Douglas MacArthur
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Bataan Death March
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US Strategy in the Pacific

• Pearl Harbor Launched the Pacific War
• American stronghold in the Philippines was lost
• MacArthur I shall return
• Bataan Death March
• Island Hopping Campaign
• Doolittle (Tokyo) Raids
• Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle

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Doolittle Raid 1942
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Note Taking Reading Skill Sequence
Reading Skill Sequence
NOTE TAKING
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Transparency The Battle of Midway
The Battle of Midway
TRANSPARENCY