FACS: Unit 5

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FACS Unit 5

• Child Development

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Stages of Growth and Development

• Growth increase in size, weight, etc
• Development increase in skills

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Stages of Growth and Development

• Prenatal Stage
• Fetus develops inside womb
• Infancy (Birth One Year)
• Rapid physical development
• Early Childhood / Toddler (One Two)
• Increasing physical skills cause gain in
  independence
• Preschool (Three Five)
• Increasing control over bodies learn initiative
• Late Childhood (Six Twelve)
• Learn to complete and manage tasks at school and
  home social skills grow

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Stages of Growth and Development

• Infancy
• Triple birth weight
• Sight, hearing, other senses improve
• Develop hand-eye coordination
• Begin to move around and explore their world
• Begin to develop motor skills

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Stages of Growth and Development

• Toddlers
• Become more independent
• Further development of motor skills
• Require less sleep than before
• Toilet training usually begins between 18 months
  and 3 years

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Stages of Growth and Development

• Early Childhood
• Involves vigorous activity and practice
• Refining of physical skills
• Signs of physical development
• ability to dress and undress
• greater small motor skills
• fingers, arms, and hand movement

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Stages of Growth and Development

• Late Childhood
• Ends when child enters adolescence
• Child learns to complete and manage tasks
• Learns to interact with others

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Basic Needs of Children

• Physical needs
• food, shelter, clothing, safety, medical care,
  exercise, rest
• Intellectual needs
• encouragement to reach potential, praise,
  motivation to learn, time for creative play
• Emotional needs
• love and acceptance -security
• respect -independence
• limits -role models

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Activities to Meet Basic Needs

• role-playing
• computer games
• water colors
• finger paints
• board games
• daily chores
• managing an allowance

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Parenting Styles

• Authoritative
• the children have an input in activities, but
  parent has the right to veto
• Authoritarian
• one adult makes all the decisions and everyone
  must follow the rules
• Permissive
• parents let the child decide how to handle a
  situation and let them take the
  consequences--good or bad

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Positive Negative Guidance

• Positive
• teaches self control
• help the child learn what they did wrong and why
  they should not repeat the activity
• Negative
• teaches fear, guilt, and aggression
• Discipline should be immediate and fit the
  misbehavior.

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Analyze Guidance Techniques

• Distraction
• Say NO while looking child in eyes
• Physically move the child when misbehaving
• Natural consequences
• Time out
• Withholding privileges

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Major Parenting Responsibilities

• Meet childrens needs
• Physical, intellectual, and emotional
• Immunizations, teaching, nurturing, guiding
• Encourage Good Behavior
• set clear limits and good examples
• Provide discipline

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Major Parenting Responsibilities

• Discipline
• be consistent
• mean what you say
• have self-control
• make sure children know that you still love them
  even though you have disciplined them

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Baby-sitter and Parent Responsibilities

• Parent
• clear instructions for visitors, bedtime and
  meals
• phone numbers where they can be reached,
  relative, neighbor
• Babysitter
• arrive early to be introduced to child and to be
  given instructions
• follow parents instructions
• protect child from dangerous situations

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Ways Children Learn

• Incidental Learning
• Unplanned or accidental learning
• Trial-and-Error Learning
• Child tries several solutions before finding one
  that works
• Imitation
• Watching and copying others
• Directed Learning
• Results from being taught

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The Value of Play

• Promotes physical growth and development
• Provides learning experiences for intellectual
  development
• Builds foundation for future learning
• Stimulates imagination/creativity

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The Value of Play

• Allows opportunity to act out feelings and try
  out different roles
• Encourages taking turns and sharing
• Promotes leadership abilities

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Ways to Play With Children

• Infants
• singing, talking, pat-a-cake, nursery rhymes,
  gentle bouncing
• Toddlers
• hide-n-seek, dancing, catching and rolling ball,
  blocks, parallel play
• Preschoolers
• cooperative play, throwing and catching ball,
  role-playing, marching
• School age
• solitary and group play, puzzles, board games,
  dress up, singing

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Safe and Educational Play Materials

• Infants
• items no smaller than the diameter of a paper
  towel tube
• no loose parts or sharp parts
• toys that are brightly colored and have
  interesting shapes

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Safe and Educational Play Materials

• Toddlers
• no sharp or pointed toys
• choose toys that are age appropriate
• choose toys that encourage thought
• choose toys that help them problem solving
• choose toys that encourage small and large motor
  skills

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Safe and Educational Play Materials

• Preschoolers
• teach thinking
• teach large and small motor skills
• teach social skills and taking turns

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Safe and Educational Play Materials

• School Age Children
• Choose toys that inspire
• creativity
• self-esteem
• the value of cooperative play
• fine motor skills

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Health and Safety

• Sanitation
• children should be taught to wash before eating
  and after using the bathroom
• Food choices
• children should sit while eat to prevent choking
  or mishaps with utensils
• foods should be appropriate for age
• No hotdogs or popcorn for infants or toddlers

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Health and Safety

• Indoors
• baby proof--get down on their level
• remove items from tables that infants or toddlers
  might pull on
• stay with them at all times
• never leave a child alone in bathroom
• use child proof locks on cabinets and toilets
• store medications in a secure location
• examine all toys to be sure they are suitable

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Health and Safety Planning Meals

• To use the Food Guide Pyramid with your toddler
  keep the same number of servings from each group,
  but give smaller than adult-size servings
• 6-11 servings of bread
• 3-5 servings of vegetables
• 2-4 servings of fruit
• 2-3 servings of milk
• 2-3 servings of meat
• fats and sweets used sparingly
• A good rule for serving sizes for toddlers is 1
  tablespoon per year of age or 1/4 of an adult
  serving per year of age

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Health and Safety Planning Meals

• One serving of milk for a two-year-old would be
  1/2 cup.
• One serving of cooked carrots for a
  three-year-old would be 3 tablespoons.
• One serving of ground beef for tacos for a four
  year old would be 4 tablespoons.
• One serving of bread for a two-year-old would be
  1/2 slice

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First-Aid

• http//pediatrics.about.com/cs/quizzes/l/bl_firsta
  id_qz.htm
• Be prepared
• Assume a preventive attitude
• Dont panic
• Make your top priority rescuing the child from
  any life-threatening danger, such as fire, water,
  electrical current, etc.
• If possible, enlist the help of bystanders if
  you are alone, summon help as soon as possible.

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First-Aid

• Next, quickly assess the injuries and tend to the
  most life-threatening first.
• The ABC system (airway, breathing, circulation)
  provides an easy way to remember where to start.
• Check first to make sure that the airway is open,
  that the child is breathing and that circulation
  is being maintained by the presence of a
  heartbeat.
• If any one of these vital signs is absent,
  proceed immediately to restore it. CALL 911 or
  whatever emergency system is in place in your
  community.
• Check for and control severe bleeding.

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First-Aid

• Look for other serious injuries, signs of
  poisoning or illness (broken bones, burns,
  convulsions, loss of consciousness, etc.), and
  administer appropriate first aid.
• Try to keep the child quiet, calm and comfortable
  until medical help arrives.
• Make every effort to stabilize the situation, but
  don't exceed your capabilities doing so may
  inflict further injury.

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Occupations in Child Development

• Child care worker
• Pediatric nurse
• Pediatrician
• Teacher
• Coach
• Scout leader
• Toy store clerk

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Personality Traits Needed for Working in Child
Development

• Kind
• Empathic
• Energetic
• Good listener
• Patient
• Enjoy being with children

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