Housing

1
Housing Interior Design

• Unit 2 Architectural Design and Construction

2
Architecture

• Study of specific housing characteristics

3
Blueprint

• Set of architectural drawings used in the
  construction of a building, using symbols to
  represent structural features

4
Cornice

• A decorative strip at the area where the roof and
  the walls meet

5
Eaves

• The lower portion of the roof that overhangs the
  wall

6
Elevation

• The finished exterior appearance of a given side
  of a house

7
Floor Plan

• A diagram of a home or other structure that shows
  the arrangement of rooms

8
Glazing

• The placing of glass in windows

9
Green Design

• Philosophy that treats environmental attributes
  as design goals

10
Insulation

• Material used to restrict the flow of heat
  between a houses interior and the outdoors

11
LEED Certification

• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
• An accreditation which recognizes good
  environmental and ecological building and design
  practices

12
Orientation

• The position of a home on its site and the
  direction the home faces

13
Overhang

• The projection area of a roof or upper story
  beyond the wall of the lower part

14
R-Value

• A measure of insulations capacity to resist
  winter heat loss and summer heat gain

15
Soffit Light

• Type of built-in lighting enclosed in a box-like
  structure that directs light downward

16
Split-Level

• A modern style of architecture developed for
  sloping lots with multi-levels

17
Vapor Barrier

• Materials added to walls and attic areas to help
  reduce drafts and prevent moisture from getting
  into a home

18
Weather Stripping

• Strips fastened along the edges of windows and
  doors to reduce drafts and heat loss

19
Architectural Styles Garrison

• Named after early garrisons, or forts
• Second story overhanging, allowed extra space
  without widening the foundation, always on the
  front of house and sometimes on the sides and
  rear
• Overhang also created a supporting effect that
  prevented 2nd story floor from sagging
• Symmetrical Design
• Steep Roof
• Small Panes of Glass

20
Architectural Styles Garrison
21
Architectural Styles Saltbox

• Type of Cape Cod
• Created by adding a lean to in the back
• Name comes from shape of boxed used at the time
  to store salt
• 2- 2 ½ stories tall
• Steep Gable Roof back side of roof extended to
  the first floor
• Large central chimney
• Large windows with small panes of glass

22
Architectural Styles Saltbox
23
Architectural Styles Spanish

• Resemble old mission churches
• Windows and doors are arch shaped
• Wrought Iron found on balconies or windows
• Made of stucco or adobe
• Roof covered with red tiles
• Came to America in 1800s

24
Architectural Styles Spanish
25
Architectural Styles Gothic

• High, steep roof
• Exposed framing members on outside
• Lots of gingerbread
• Complex and ornate windows doors
• Overhanging roof with braces
• People were fascinated with use of ban saws and
  what they could make. This was a fad that came
  along in 1800s.

26
Architectural Styles Gothic
27
Architectural Styles Italianate

• Large 2-3 story home
• Overhanging eaves on top story
• Decorative ironwork
• Heavy cornice lines along roof with brackets
• Often have square or octagonal towers
• First built in U.S. in 1837

28
Architectural Styles Italianate
29
Architectural Styles Victorian

• Became popular after Civil War named after Queen
  Victoria of England
• Lots of decorative trim called gingerbread
• High porches, steep gable roofs, tall windows,
  high ceilings, dark stairways, long halls, and a
  turret, or small tower
• Owners tried to outdo each other on amount of
  trimwork

30
Architectural Styles Victorian
31
Architectural Styles Craftsmen

• May also be called Bungalow
• One story with low pitched roof
• Made of brick or stone
• Windows are set high so furniture can be placed
  beneath them
• Covered porch with columns
• Popular in early 1900s

32
Architectural Styles Craftsmen
33
Architectural Styles Georgian

• Popular during King George I, II, III reign of
  England
• Symmetrical and simple exterior lines
• Windows with small panes of glass
• Captains walk or widows walk at top of house
• Tall chimney at each end of the home
• Decoration under eaves. Especially to doors and
  windows
• Style changed due to where it was built stone in
  Mid Atlantic, wood in New England, brick in South

34
Architectural Styles Georgian
35
Architectural Styles English Tudor

• 2 2 ½ story home, second story overhanging
  bottom
• Stonework on bottom-half , stucco and timber on
  top half HALF TIMBER
• Massive chimney
• High peak roof lines
• Small, leaded glass windows
• Bedrooms on second floor
• Protruding second story supported by wooden
  brackets

36
Architectural Styles English Tudor
37
Architectural Styles Art Deco

• Flat roof, metal framed windows
• Distinctive door decorations
• Became popular in 1920-1930s due to Hollywood.
• Curved lines, glass block walls
• Boatlike appearance
• Rectangular shape

38
Architectural Styles Art Deco
39
Architectural Styles Federal

• Popular after American Revolution
• Boxlike shape, 2 stories high
• Symmetrical, flat roof surrounded by a
  balustrade fence like part on roofline
• Small portico on front that was supported by
  columns
• Pediments, found over porticos. Segmental or
  triangular pieces used as decoration

40
Architectural Styles Federal
41
Architectural Styles Four Square or Prairie

• Prairie made popular by Frank Lloyd Wright.
  Designed them to accommodate changes taking place
  in families
• Prairies not built in boxlike rooms, interiors
  flowed together by using porches, large windows,
  and terraces.
• Prairies blended well with their surroundings
• Made out of natural stone and other materials
• Four Square homes 2 2 ½ stories, boxlike
• Hip roof with a one story veranda ( porch)
• Faced the street and had hipped dormer in front
• Symmetrical, plain porch columns, little
  decoration
• One of the most popular styles in early 1900s

42
Architectural Styles Prairie/Four Square
43
Architectural Styles French Manor

• Made of stone or brick, steep roof line
• 1- 2 ½ stories
• Asymmetrical shape, large chimneys
• Some have half timbering
• Large homes
• Curved doorways and entrances in middle of home.
  Some may have central turret ( tower) for
  entrance.

44
Architectural Styles French Manor
45
Identifying Roof Shapes HIP
46
Identifying Roof Shapes GAMBREL
47
Identifying Roof Styles GABLE
48
Identifying Roof Styles MANSARD
49
Identifying Roof Styles SALTBOX
50
Identifying Roof Styles FLAT
51
Identifying Roof Styles SHED
52
Identifying Roof Styles DORMER
53
Identifying Windows GOTHIC
54
Identifying Windows FAN
55
Identifying Windows CIRCLE HEAD
56
Identifying Windows Palladian
57
Identifying Windows BAY
58
Identifying Windows ORIEL
59
Identifying Windows DOUBLE HUNG
60
Identifying Windows HORIZONTAL SLIDING
61
Identifying Windows AWNINGswing outward at
bottom
62
Identifying Windows HOPPERtop sash swings inward
63
Identifying Windows JALOUISE
64
Identifying Windows CASEMENT
65
Building Materials FOUNDATION OF A HOME PIER
TYPE
66
Building Materials FOUNDATION SLAB
67
Building Materials FOUNDATIONFOOTINGS

• Very bottom of the foundation is the footing.
• 1. Usually made from concrete and reinforced
  with steel rods
• 2. Must be proper width and thickness to support
  weight of house