Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)

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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
(MMPI-2)

• Presentation by
• Larrah Selby Sandi Colvin
• CNED 5303

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Publisher

• University of Minnesota Press
• Distributed by Pearson Assessments (formerly
  known as National Computer Systems Assessments,
  NCS)
• www.pearsonassessments.com

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Background

• The MMPI was developed in the late 1930s and
  first published in 1942
• Original authors were Starke Hathaway and J. C.
  McKinley
• 1100 original items and was cut down to 566 by
  the time it was first published
• MMPI-2 released in 1989
• Authors and consultants of MMPI-2 are Yossef
  Ben-Porath, James Butcher, W. Grant Dahlstrom,
  John Graham, and Auke Tellegen

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Background (cont.)

• Revised in 2001-Version being reviewed
• 84 of the original items are in new version in
  original or revised form
• Some test elements revised
• Added new clinical and validity scales
• MMPI-A
• Version used for adolescents age 14 to 18

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Purpose

• Originally used to assess psychopathology
• Current purpose to assess a number of the major
  patterns of personality and emotional disorders
  Mental Measurements Yearbook 11
• Profile Analysis is the main interpretative
  framework of MMPI and MMPI-2

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Publishers recommended useswww.pearsonassessment
s.com

• Assess major symptoms of social and personal
  maladjustment
• Identify suitable candidates for high-risk public
  safety positions
• Criminal justice Correctional Departments -
  support classification, treatment and aid in
  making management decisions
• Courtrooms - provides strong empirical foundation
  for a clinicians expert testimony

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Recommended uses (continued)

• Medical settings - assess patients and aids in
  designing effective treatment strategies,
  especially for pain management
• Substance abuse programs aids in evaluating
  participants and selecting appropriate treatment
  approaches
• College and career counselors aids in helping
  their clients with career choices and
  recommendations
• Marriage and family counselors provides insight
  for clients

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Available Formats

• Available in English, Spanish, Hmong, and
  Canadian French
• Paper-and-pencil, audiocassette recording,
  compact disc recording, box form (with each item
  on a separate card client separates cards into
  true false categories), and computer

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Pricing

• Software - 89 plus annual licensing fee
• Manual - 50
• Basic service report
• English softcover test booklets - 32 (10 in
  package)
• Other languages sold individually at 6 a piece
• Hardcover test booklet available only in English
  - 42
• Answer sheets (packages of 25) - 20.50

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Pricing (continued)

• Audiocassette - 80 available in English,
  Spanish, and Hmong
• Compact Disc - 50 only available in English
• Each Basic Service Report ranges from 7.50 to
  9.00 depending on quantity ordered
• If ordering less than 4 reports there is an
  additional fee of 4 per report

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Respondent Characteristics

• 18 years or older
• At least 6th grade reading level
• Should be able to read and comprehend test
  questions for the paper/pencil and computer tests
• Recommended IQ of 80 or higher

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Administrator Qualifications

• Must be licensed to practice psychology
  independently
• OR
• Have a graduate degree in psychology or a
  closely-related field and either graduate courses
  in tests and measurement or completion of a
  Pearson Assessments-approved workshop or other
  approved course
• OR
• Provide proof as to the right to administer this
  type of test in jurisdiction

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Administration procedures

• Quiet room
• Good lighting
• Comfortable chair and table
• Before administration begins, provide information
  regarding nature of the test and give complete,
  clear instructions
• Completion time 60 to 90 minutes

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MMPI-2 Content

• 567 true/false items
• Numerous scales
• 7 validity scales
• 10 clinical scales
• 15 supplementary scales
• 15 content scales
• 34 other subscales

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Scales

• Five major validity scales
• 3 original
• Lie (L)
• Infrequency (F)
• Correction (K)
• 2 new
• Variable Response Inconsistency (VRIN)
• True Response Inconsistency (TRIN)

• Examples of Clinical Scales
• Depression (D)
• Psychopathic Deviate (Pd)
• Schizophrenia (Sc)
• Masculinity-Femininity (Mf)
• Source of much debate/controversy

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Types of Scores Derived/Reported

• Raw scores are translated into T scores with a
  mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10
• T score of 65 or higher is interpreted as
  pathology
• (L) Scale and (F) Scale raw score of 4 is mean,
  t score is 50

• TRIN Scale scores lt6 and gt12 suggest
  inconsistent responding a t score of gt80
  suggests profile invalidity
• VRIN Scale a t score of gt80 suggests
  inconsistent responding and profile may be
  invalid

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Scoring Options Procedures

• MICROTEST QTM Assessment system software
  Enables the administrator to score assessments,
  report results, and store and export data on
  their own computer.
• Mail-in Scoring Service Answer sheets are
  mailed to the publisher for processing and
  results are returned back to the administrator
  within 24-48 hours of receipt.
• Hand Scoring Answer keys are available for the
  administrator to score the answer sheets.
• Optical Scan Scoring Allows administrator to
  score assessments at his/her site using special
  software.

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Normative Data

• Normative sample consists of 1,138 males and
  1,462 females between the ages of 18 and 84 from
  several regions and diverse communities within
  the U.S.
• From six states and included active duty military
  personal, college students, inpatient psychiatric
  patients, chronic pain patients, inpatient
  substance abuse patients, airline pilot
  applicants, and Native American adults on a
  federal reservation in Washington state

• Ethnicity data Men 11 African American, 84
  Caucasian, 3 Hispanic, and 2 other
• Women 13 African American, 82 Caucasian, 3
  Hispanic, and 2 other.
• 50 of males and 42 of females in the
  restandardization group reported a bachelors
  degree or higher compared to 1980 census data of
  20 males and 13 of females
• 20 of males and 13 of females reported
  professional occupations compared to census data
  of 16

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Validity Information

• Construct Validity
• Content Scales are face valid
• If test taker leaves more than 30 items
  unanswered, then the test is considered invalid
  and should not be interpreted.
• Validity scales should be within normal limits

• Validated against various samples of individuals
  with mental illness
• Criterion group method of inventory construction
• The validity of the revised scales has not been
  thoroughly established in clinical settings

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Reliability Information

• Stability Reliability (test/retest)
• Split-half Reliability on some of the subscales
• Personality tests have lower validity and
  reliability coefficients than achievement and
  ability tests and produce a larger Standard Error
  of Measurement

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Statistical Information

• Manual includes T score conversion tables and
  uniform linear score tables

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Interesting Facts

• Most widely used and researched personality
  inventory
• Some reasons respondants might omit an item or
  items on the validity scale
• Item is considered offensive or personal
• Reading difficulties
• Rebelliousness

• Carelessness
• Confusion
• Obsession or overideation resulting in
  indecisiveness
• Severe psychomotor retardation resulting in
  insufficient energy to complete the task
• Desire to look good
• Lack of trust in the examiner

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Limitations of MMPI-2

• Influenced by variables
• Hard to generalize to other populations
• Some experts argue that research on MMPI cannot
  be generalized to MMPI-2 and that they may not be
  equivalent measures need more research on
  MMPI-2
• Misuse
• Culturally biased?

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Advantages of Using MMPI-2

• The different formats are made available to reach
  as many persons as possible blind, illiterate,
  learning disabled, different languages, etc.
• Has Scales that detect if test taker is
  responding in a socially desirable way or faking
  (K scale)

• Backed by extent of empirical research
• Has depression scale and anxiety scale in same
  test first personality inventory to do so

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Evaluation of MMPI-2

• Hard to use for every population
• Extremely long and consuming may be hard to
  convince clients to take it
• Clients may be hesitant to take it if they have
  heard that it is only for crazy people
• It is very comprehensive and could be a good
  diagnostic tool when combined with other
  interviews (e.g. MSE)

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• And now for some fun..

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References

• Austin, J. T. (1994). Minnesota Multiphasic
  Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) Review of
  MMPI-2 Electronic Version. Measurement
  Evaluation in Counseling Development, 27,
  178-185.
• Butcher, J. N., Williams, C. L. (2000).
  Essentials of MMPI-2 and MMPI-A Interpretation
  (2nd ed.). Minneapolis University of Minnesota
  Press.
• Craig, R. J. (1999). Interpreting personality
  tests A clinical manual for the MMPI-2,
  MCMI- III, CPI-R, and 16PF. New York John Wiley
  Sons, Inc.
• Drummond, R. J. (2004). Appraisal procedures for
  counselors and helping professionals (5th ed.).
  Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Education.
• Kramer, J. J., Close-Conoley, J. (Eds.).
  (1992). The Eleventh Mental Measurements
  Yearbook. Lincoln University of Nebraska Press.
• Niolon, R. (n.d.). The Minnesota, Multiphasic
  Personality Inventory 2. Retrieved November 10,
  2004, from http//www.psychpage.com/objective/mmp
  i2_overview.htm
• Pearson Assessments. (n.d.). MMPI-2 (Minnesota
  Multiphasic Personality Inventory- 2). Retrieved
  November 9, 2004, from http//www.pearsonassessme
  nts.com/tests/mmpi_2.htmscales

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• Questions??????