MMPI Minnesota MultiPhasic Inventory

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MMPI (Minnesota MultiPhasic Inventory)

• Hypochondriasis (Hs) - neurotic concern over
  bodily functioning  
• Depression (D) - symptomatic depression.  
• Hysteria (Hy) - hysterical reactions to stress
  situations
• Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) - psychopathy, asocial,
  amoral
• Masculinity-Femininity (Mf) - originally
  developed to identify homosexual invert males,
  now those who reject traditional gender roles.  

• Paranoia (Pa) - paranoid symptoms
• Psychasthenia (Pt) - excessive doubts,
  compulsions, obsessions, and unreasonable fears
  (OCD).  
• Schizophrenia (Sc) - identify
  schizophreniaHypomania (Ma) - hypomanic
  disturbances
• Social Introversion (Si) - person's tendency to
  withdraw from social contacts and
  responsibilities.  

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MMPI Derived Empirically

• Developers used every personality question they
  could find
• 1. Tested on various clinical groups
  (depressive, schizophrenics, etc.)
• 2. Large pool of questions
• 3. Kept only those questions that
• discriminated between groups

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MMPI (Minnesota MultiPhasic Inventory)

• Validity Scales     
• "Cannot Say" scale 30 omitted items
  invalidates test
• L Scale Lie scale - not willing to admit even
  minor shortcomings.
• F Scale - detect atypical ways of responding to
  test items.  
• K Scale detect subtle attempts at denying
  psychopathology or, conversely, at exaggerating
  psychopathology overall defensiveness

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Database ComparisonsAge effects
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EEG age effects by hemisphere
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Dominant (alpha) rhythm

• Normal EEG pre-school to Adolescence
• Occipital rhythm
• 3-4 Hz activity at 3-4 months of age
• responds to stimulation at 5-6 mo. 
• At 6 mo, typically 5-6 Hz
• At 1 year, 6-7 Hz.
• Frequency range increases as child ages.
• Typical 10y old averages about 10 Hz.

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Dominant frequencies during infancy
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Othmer clinic data
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Normal Child has theta rhythm, maximal in
posterior sites
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Normal Adult has 8-12 Hz rhythm, maximal in
posterior sites
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Posterior sites
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Neurometic Analysis(Comparing someone to a QEEG
Database to identify statistical abnormality,
commonly gt 2 Std deviations, plus or minus)

• Baseline conditions
• Eyes closed
• Eyes open
• Motor control
• Stimulus control
• Task conditions or challenge conditions
• Problem solving
• Performance

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Eyes closed replications support macrostate
concept (however)
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Correct for state transitionsStabilize state
before recording, and include stabilization in
database!Look at the dataMore is
better(Some db use 30 s only)
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Client comparison requires similar recording
methodology
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Criticisms of Neurometrics

• Color maps are deceptive1
• Too many statistical tests (inflating Type I
  errors)
• Some normals appear abnormal to controls
• Overly sensitive to artifact
• More removed from the data, the more errors that
  can creep in
• E.g., unreliable discriminant functions

• Methodology differences between client and
  database recordings
• Artifact management differences
• Normative database not representative2
• Differences in basic parameters (power/magn),
  coherence calculation
• Not ready for prime time
• if misused!

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Brain maps can be deceptive ..

• Some activation needed at left medial temporal
  site or right occipitoparietal juncture?

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But they are convincing, concise, and accessible
to laypersons
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5 Neurometric databases in common use for
Neurotherapy

• My kid acting like an astronaut story

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Deciphering Neural codingWe transform from time
to frequency because we believe mental or
psychophysiological phenomena are best captured
by latter domain
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Brainwave frequencies and tentative mental
correspondences

• 0.5 4 Hz DELTA Sleep
• 4-7 Hz THETA Inward focus, distracted,
  daydream
• 8-12 Hz ALPHA Relaxed, not actively
  processing
• 12-15 Hz SMR Relaxed, external attention
• (low beta)
• 15-18 Hz BETA Active external attention
• 19-35 Hz HIGH High correlation with anxiety,
  
• BETA intensity, or lots of
  muscle tension.

 
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Alpha activation or arousal
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Activation is inversely proportional to alpha
activity incidence

• To some extent, regardless of topography

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10-10 International System of Electrode Placement
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Preferential site activation depends on the
condition

• Moving joystick
• Watching movie?

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Topographic Activation Patterns
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Laterality differences

• Everyone is a left-brainers until films make
  them integrationalists

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Gender differences
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Cerebral Organization Variation (and obstacles
to neurometric assessment)Trait and State
variables

• TRAIT
• Gender
• Handedness
• Age
• Education
• Experience
• Neurological present/history
• Bilingual
• Diagnosis!

• STATE
• Task competence
• practice
• Task strategies
• Time of Day
• Drugs
• Sleep debt

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Be aware of the plasticity spectrum people
change
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Inclusion/Exclusion criteria for normals
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Jareds spindles
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Measurement parameters

• Relative vs Absolute
• Power/magnitude
• Connectivity or linear dependency
• Asymmetry
• Coherence, comodulation

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Synchrony measures between two signals
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Coherence Database
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MVA or Youthful
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LORETALow resolution EEG tomographical array
(source imaging of maximal smoothness)
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