Gabriela Bermudez

1
The Middle East

• Gabriela Bermudez
• Diana Ghawi

2
Countries of the Middle East

• Palestine (Palestinian Territories)
• Lebanon
• Syria
• Jordan
• Saudia Arabia
• Iran
• Iraq

• Beirut
• Bahrain
• Oman
• Qatar
• Yemen
• The United Arab Emirates
• Turkey
• Israel

3
Physical Coordinates

• The Middle East is approximately
• Between 42 degrees N and 17 degrees N
• Between 30 degrees E and 72 degrees E

4
Location In Comparison To . . .

• Tropic of Cancer passes through the Middle East
• Tropic of Capricorn approximately 47 degrees N
• Equator approximately 17 degrees N
• South Pole approximately 113.5 degrees N
• North Pole approximately 66.5 degrees S

• The Middle East

5
Days and Nights

• The days and the nights of the Middle East are
  relatively the same length.
• The nights are only slightly longer, in the
  winter.
• The days are only slightly longer in the summer.
• The nights are much colder then the days no
  matter what the season is.

6
Time Zones

• The entire Middle East spans over three time
  zones.
• The westernmost of which is only two time zones
  away from the Prime Meridian.
• The easternmost of which is eight time zones
  away from the International Date Line.

7
Rocks and Minerals

• Sandstone
• Sedimentary Rocks
• Metamorphic Rocks
• Ore Minerals, such as gold and silver

8
Plate Tectonics

• Three major tectonic plates converge on the
  Middle East the African, Eurasian, and Arabian
  plates.
• The boundaries between the tectonic plates make
  up the Azore-Gibaltrar Ridge, extending across
  North Africa, the Red Sea, and into Iran.
• The Arabian Plate is moving northward into the
  Anatolian plate (Turkey) at the East Anatolian
  Fault, and the boundary between the Aegean and
  Anatolian plate in eastern Turkey is also
  seismically active.

9
Mountain Ranges

• Elburz (Alborz, Alburz) Mountains
• Kopet-Dag Range
• Zagros Mountains
• Hejaz Asir
• Taurus Mountains
• Caucasus Mountains
• Pontic Mountains (Dogukaradeniz Daglari)
• Libanus Mountain Range

10
Wind Patterns

• Northeast Trade Winds
• Horse Latitudes (Subtropical High)

11
Humidity

• For the most part, the Middle East has a dry,
  arid environment, so there are very low levels of
  humidity for the majority of the region.
• For the areas that are closer to bodies of water,
  the humidity levels are somewhat higher, although
  they are still very low.

12
Climate

• Continental climate is marked by dry, sunny
  weather with low humidity. Have large annual
  temperature range (hot summer and cold winter). 
  The Sahara Desert has the highest recorded
  temperature in a continental climate zone at
  58C.
• Most of the Middle East has a continental
  climate.
• Marine climates have larger amounts of moisture
  and smaller temperature changes from summer to
  winter than continental climates. Seen in Middle
  Eastern countries bordering the Mediterranean sea
  and the Arabian Sea.

13
Carbon Dioxide Levels

• The carbon dioxide levels of the major cities are
  much higher than the carbon emissions of the
  small towns and villages.
• The Middle East has much lower Carbon Dioxide
  emissions than most other developed countries in
  the world, due to the fact that they do not use
  modern technology.

14
The Climate
15

• Mostly temperate but tropical in southern Saudi
  Arabia.
• The Middle East is mostly arid with hot, dry
  summers and cool winters.

16
Climate is Affected by Several Factors

• Proximity to bodies of water
• Places that are closer to the sea experience
  moderate winter temperatures. Proximity to water
  affects precipitation also.
• Altitude
• It strongly affects the temperature of an area.

17
MicroclimatesUrban Microclimate in the Middle
East

• Cities tend to be warmer than surrounding suburbs
  and rural areas.
• Photochemical smog increases temperature
• Greater presence of condensation nuclei over
  urban areas.
• Airflows are disturbed over urban areas.

18
Oceans of the Middle East
Black Sea
Caspian Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Red Sea
Arabian Sea
19
Middle Eastern Severe Weather Disturbances

• Droughts a period of dry weather, which causes
  an extended shortage of water.
• Sandstorms a windstorm, usually occurring in a
  desert, that blows along great clouds of sand.
• Earthquakes a series of vibrations induced in
  the earth's crust by the abrupt rupture and
  rebound of rocks in which elastic strain has been
  slowly accumulating.

20
Earthquakes in the Middle East
21
Middle East Biomes
22
Severe Weather Disturbances

• Mostly pre-reproductive population.
• The largest percent of the population are younger
  than fifteen.
• Middle Eastern population has been growing
  exponentially after 1915.
• It will continue to grow increasingly in the
  future

23
Grassland
Desert
Temperate Forest
24
Population Distribution
25
Informative Maps
26
Atmospheric Pressure
27
Dew Point
28
Wind Speeds
29
Humidity
30
Temperature
31
Heat Index
32
Wind Chill
33
Peak Ground Acceleration