Unit 4 – Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

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Unit 4 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
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Reading quiz (mitochondrion and chloroplast
structure)

• Draw a LARGE, DETAILED, labeled sketch of a
  chloroplast
• Draw a LARGE, DETAILED, labeled sketch of a
  mitochondrion
• 1.25 point for having a drawing somewhat similar
  to below.
• ½ a point for each term labeled . Chloroplast
  Inner membrane outermembrane thylakoid
• Mitchondrion outermembrane innermembrane
• Add any term not labeled to your diagram

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Title each of the following pages

• Photosynthesis overview
• Plant pigments
• Reading quiz/Light reactions
• Calvin Cycle
• Photosynthesis lab
• Reading quiz/Cellular respiration overview
• Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle
• Electron Transport Chain and Fermentation
• Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

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Photosynthesis overview

• Process of storing energy in sugar molecules from
  the energy initially in the sun (radiant energy)
• 1st step Capture radiant energy and use it to
  generate our energy currency
• 2nd step Use energy
  currency to convert
  CO2 to glucose
• Oxygen is released
  as a byproduct
• Happens in the
  chloroplast

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Plant pigments

• Problem How do plants utilize radiant energy to
  produce sugars?
• Properties of light
• While traveling, acts as a wave (properties
  depend on this wavelength)
• When interacting
  with matter (like your
  
  clothes) acts as a
  particle
• Photon Discrete
  packet of light

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Plant pigments

• Pigments are materials that absorb particular
  wavelengths of light and reflect others
• Why do your eyes have a ___ color?
• When chlorophyll absorbs light, energy is
  transferred to electrons and boosts them to a
  higher state.
  

Plant pigments
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Reading quiz

• Where do the light reactions occur?
• Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
• What is the purpose of the light reactions?
• What is the purpose of the Calvin cycle?

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Light reactions
What you need to know Location
_________ Input ___________ Output
_______ Purpose - ________
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Light reactions
Photosystem

• Role of chlorophyll Capture energy
  from light
• Role of an electron carrier
  transport electrons
• Tracking electrons and energy
• NADP 2e- H ? NADPH

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Using Elodea to demonstrate Photosynthesis 6CO2
6H2O lightgt C6H12O6 6O2
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How can we determine if photosynthesis occurs?

• Measure ______
• How?
• CO2 can turn into carbonic acid
• Bromothymol blue will be blue at pH around 7.6
  and yellow-green at pH of 6
• Some CO2 will turn into Carbonic acid (so if
  enough CO2 is present in a bromothymol blue
  solution, it will have a ___color.)
• If a initial color of yellow-green turns blue
  then what can you infer?

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Lab setup
b.b. Elodea light b. b. Elodea dark
b.b. light

• As a pair, make a hypothesis. The presence of
  light (will/will not) affect the rate of
  photsynthesis and (will change the color of the
  solution to blue/will not change the color of the
  solution)

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• 1. Obtain tray
• 2. Place a 3 cm piece of elodea in 2 vials
• 3. Fill each of the 3 vials with bromothymol blue
  
• 4. Cap each vial and cover 1 of the elodea vials
  with the aluminum foil
• 5. Keep vials in test tube rack and place back
  EXACTLY where it came from. THEN
• 6. Work with your partner. On the paper provided,
  diagram the entire light reaction from memory
  first. Once you did as much as you can, use your
  notes and study guide (no textbook). Practice
  explaining the entire process, including what
  happens to water, chlorophyll a, electrons,
  electron transport chain, hydrogen ions, and how
  ATP, NADPH are produced
• 7. When you can successfully explain all this,
  call me and I will initial your assignment sheet
  when you can do it perfectly. If you get
  initialed, you might be asked to go around
  checking others.

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Calvin Cycle

• Location-
• Purpose-
• Input
• Output
• Tracing carbon
• Factors affecting photosynthesis

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Reading quiz

• What organisms does cellular respiration occur
  in?
• Write the cellular respiration equation
• What are the inputs of glycolysis?
• Does aerobic respiration refer to having oxygen
  or lacking oxygen?

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Cellular Respiration Overview (SG 4A, 4B, 4C)

• Process of forming ATP by breaking down glucose
  in the presence of
  oxygen
• 6O2 C6H12O6 ? 6CO2 6H2O energy
• Why do we breathe (external respiration)?
• Why do we consume
  and digest
  
  carbohydrates?
• Does this happen
  in one step?

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Glycolysis

• Series of chemical reactions that break down one
  molecule of glucose into pyruvate C6H12O6 ?
  2C3H6O3
• Happens in cytosol of the cell

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Draw this chart (under cell respiration overview)
and fill in the following terms glycolysis,
ATP, NADH, glucose, pyruvate
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Photosynthesis lab continued (write analysis on a
blank paper)

• Fill out the
  
  following chart
• What color did the elodea b.b. light change
  to?
• What pH will bromothymol blue be green? When will
  it be blue?
• So, the color changed DIRECTLY due to a change in
  ___
• The change in ___ was caused by a change in ____
• The change in ___ was caused by a change in ___
• The change in ___ was caused by a change in what
  process ___
• How can we get the b.b. in front of you back to
  green?
• Use all of this information to write a well
  coherent allows to support or not support the
  following hypothesis Light will increase the
  rate of photosynthesis.
• My hypothesis was/was not supported. (restate
  hypothesis). Discuss color change in all 3 tubes.
  Discuss what chemical changes caused the color
  change. Speculate why light increased the rate of
  photosynthesis.

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Citric acid (Kreb) cycle

• Series of reactions that finishes glucose break
  down to carbon dioxide in the presence of oxygen
  (aerobic)
• Happens in matrix
  of mitochondria

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Cellular Respiration Electron Transport Chain

• Process that uses high energy electrons from
  Krebs cycle to convert ADP to ATP
• Location cristae of mitochondria
• 32 total ATP
  

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Fill out the following chart to compare
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
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Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration comparison
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Fermentation (anaerobic respiration)

• Process that releases some energy from glucose
  when no oxygen is present

Other organisms
Plants, yeast and few microbes