ROAD TO WORLD WAR TWO

1
ROAD TO WORLD WAR TWO

• ROOSEVELTS FOREIGN POLICY

2
BACKGROUND

• Japan denounces 5 power treaty
• Good Neighbor Policy
• Hoover withdrew troops
• 7th Pan American Conference
• Roosevelt opposes armed intervention
• Hay Buneau Treaty altered
• Mexico seizes US oil firms

3
Foreign Policy Events

• Recognition of the Soviet Union
• Wanted increased trade
• No loans given
• London Economic Conference
• 66 nations/ currency
• Roos. Did not agree with gold standard
• Tydings-McDuffie Act
• Philippine independence
• Japanese occupation

4
More Foreign Events

• Persia becomes known as Iran
• Ethiopia invaded by Italy
• Causes Italy to withdraw from the League
• Hoare Laval Pact- appeasement by Britain and
  France
• Nicaragua
• Anastatio Somoza takes power

5
More Foreign Events

• Spain- revolution against the govt.
• Franciso Franco
• Europe proving in Spain
• Berlin Olympics
• Nazi beliefs
• Jesse Owens won many golds
• Hitler would not honor him
• Hemispheric Solidarity
• W. nations gather to discuss facism

6
Yet even more events

• Buenos Aires Conf.- outside of hemisphere attacks
  
• Reciprocal Trade Agreement
• Authorized pre. To reduce if another nation did
• U.S. not strictly isolationist
• Business bust causes support for war

7
Emergence to Power

• Hitler parallels FDR
• National Socialist Party gains majority (NAZI)
• Weimer Republic collapses
• Hitler
• Combines Chancellor and President Fuhrer
• Outlawed press, unions and political parties
• Mussolini in Italy doing the same

8
Isolationist Sentiment

• Nye Committee
• Investigated arms sales in WWI
• Wars fought to profit small majority
• Johnson- Debt default Act
• No loans to nations who owed US
• Ludlow Amendment
• War must have a nationwide public referendum

9
Neutrality Acts 1935-39

• 1st Neutrality Act
• Embargo all munitions to war participants
• US citizens travel at own risk
• 2nd Neutrality Act
• Extended 1st
• Prohibited extending loans
• Recognizes Spains new govt.
• Will not get involved

10
More Neutrality Acts

• 3rd Neutrality Act
• Expanded embargo to cash and carry only
• Did not apply to raw materials
• Allowed Japan to buy iron, copper, oil
• 4th Neutrality Act
• Repealed arms embargo

11
Public opinion towards Intervention

• Quarantine Speech
• Emphasizing collective security
• Hoover goes against Roosevelt
• USS PANAY incident
• Japan attacks China
• Hits river gunboat killing 2 Americans
• Why was the boat their in the 1st place?

12
European Steps to war

• 1. Germany withdraws from League of Nations
• 2. Germany signs non-aggression with Poland
• 3. Universal Conscription
• 4. Germany reoccupied Rhineland (unchallenged)
• 5. Germany annexes Austria

13
More steps continued

• 6. Czech crisis and Munich Agreement
• Sudentlend, Appeasement of Germany
• FDR wants peaceful resolution
• France, Germany, Hitler attend
• Gave up land in return for no aggression
• Am. Public opinion favored agreement

14
Italian/ German Actions

• 7. Italy invades Albania (unchallenged)
• FDR asks for 10 years of peace
• Ignored
• 8. Germany signs non- aggression pact with Russia
• 9. Germany invades Poland
• Formal start of WWII

15
Poland Invaded

• Great Britain and France give ultimatum
• Belgium declares neutrality
• Germany demands Poland surrender
• Polish govt. exiled to London
• Germany and Soviet Union divide Poland into 2
  parts

16
Phony War

• Soviets annex Finland
• Fighting lulls during winter
• US maintains relations with exiles
• Finland gave Soviets heavy casualties
• Gives Hitler reason to attack later

17
German Defensive Measures

• Athenia sunk
• Shows Hitler wants to fight on only one front
• Hitler and Mussolini ally
• Only 2.5 of US public wanted to enter
• FDR declares neutrality through fireside chat

18
More German Invasions

• Norway, Denmark, Netherlands Luxemburg, Belgium
• Dunkirk escape
• Invasion of France
• Italy declares war on BF
• Triparite Pact Germany, Italy and Japan

19
FDR favors Allies

• Selective Service Act 18-35
• 1st peacetime draft
• Destroyers for Bases deal
• Pittman Resolution
• Alien registration Act
• Fingerprinting of all aliens

20
Intervention or Isolationism?

• Those for limited involvement
• Fight for freedom
• Committee to defend America by aiding the Allies
• Friends of Democracy
• Those opposed
• America First
• Lindbergh
• Long and Coughlin

21
Talks

• Garden Hose Analogy
• Four Freedoms Speech
• Expression, worship, from want, from fear
• ABC Plan
• US and Britain
• If war occurs with germany and Japan
• Concentrate on Germany 1st

22
Atlantic Charter

• Purposes for fighting
• Blueprint for the U.N.
• Equal access to all materials
• Freedom of the seas
• Freedom from fear and want
• Disarmament from aggressor nations
• FDR issues a shoot on sight order for all axis
  ships

23
Hitlers Actions

• Battle of Britain
• Air attack in prep. for invasion
• German violation of Non Aggression w/ USSR
• Encourages Japan to distract the U.S.
• Invades half-lacquered monkeys
• Did not allow men to take winter gear

24
Winter Battle

• Germans dominate in USSR
• Ukraine, Leningrad, Moscow
• Stalin makes counteroffensive
• Battle of Stalingrad
• Germany forced to evacuate
• Turning point of European War

25
PEARL HARBOR

• Day of Infamy- Dec. 7th, 1941
• US embargo on scrap iron and steel
• Tojo becomes Japanese Prime Minister
• Sec. of State Cordell Hull alerts FDR
• Sinks 4 battleships
• 2,403 lives lost
• Surprised Japans allies
• Chester Nimitz
• Jeannette Rankin

26
Aftermath of Pearl Harbor

• Rio De Janeiro Conference
• FDR announces Exec. Order 9066
• Korematsu v. US
• Alcan Highway project linked US with Alaska
• Japan takes Guam, Wake Islands, Hong Kong,
  Malaysia, ect
• MacArthur leaves Phillipines
• Bataan death march, 11,500 men

27
Japanese Halted in Pacific

• Battle of Coral Sea
• Battle of Midway
• Nimitz halts threat to Hawaii
• US arrives in Europe
• 400 ships lost to Uboats
• Operation Torch
• Montgomery v. Rommel
• Germans surrender N. Africa

28
More Operations

• Operation Husky
• Offensive against Italy
• Patton and Montgomery
• Italy taken
• Operation Overlord- D Day
• Largest amphibious invasion
• Paris liberated by Allies
• Allies push to Berlin
• 5 Star General rank formed

29
Germanys Final Counter Offensive

• Battle of the Bulge (Belgium)
• Offensive halted
• Asked McAuliffe to surrender (NUTS)
• End of War in Europe 1945
• Death of War leaders
• FDR brain hemorrage
• Hitler suicide
• Mussolini captured, shot, hung
• V-E DAY- May 8, 1945
• All Germany surrenders

30
End of Pacific WAR

• -Allies push back Japan to own Islands
• Island Hopping
• To Philippines, China, Japanese Mainland
• Battle of Leyte Gulf
• Largest naval battle
• Iwo Jima retaken

31
Manhattan Project

• Closer to mainland more casualties
• Office of Science Research and Development
• Robert Oppenheimer
• Trinity- first bomb
• Japan rejects surrender

32
Reasons for Using the Bomb

• 1. Revenge for Pearl Harbor
• 2. Warns Soviets of US power
• 3. Speed up war and save casualties
• Hiroshima 70,000 dead
• Nagasaki 80,000
• Japan surrenders (VJ Day)
• 38th parallel in Korea

33
Benefits of War

• Totalitarianism is dead
• USSR hopes for cooperation
• Technological advancements
• Penicillin developed
• United Nations Formed
• Cordell Hull- Nobel Prize
• G.I. Bill of Rights

34
Women during War

• Increase in employment
• 6 billion employed
• Geographic mobility increases
• Juvenile delinquency rises
• Also venereal disease, teen pregnancies
• Latchkey Kids
• Marriages, divorces and births increase
• WACs formed

35
Yalta Conference

• Most important
• Germany
• Surrender, demilitarized and denazified
• Split into 4 occupation zones
• Interim govts must be democratic
• BIG 3 Stalin, FDR, Churchill
• Nuremburg trials

36
Holocaust