RISE OF MOSCOW

1
RISE OF MOSCOW

• First mention of Moscow appeared in an old
  chronicle in 1147
• Small, primitive settlement built by Yuri
  Dolgoruky
• In clearing along Volga River
• 30 small huts
• Also built a small fortress around his house
• Kremlin

2
NOVGOROD

• Most powerful Russian state during period of the
  Golden Horde was Novgorod
• Voluntarily submitted to Mongol rule
• Figured resistance to Mongols would provoke them
  to take city over
• Figured they would get further if they cooperated
  with Mongols
• Alexander Nevsky given title of Grand Prince in
  reward for service to Mongol cause

3
MUSCOVITE STATE

• Daniel Nevsky appointed prince of Moscow by
  Khan of the Golden Horde
• 1260
• Aggressively asserted Moscows independent
  interests
• Enlarged territory
• Cultivated good relations with khan of the Golden
  Horde
• Founded native dynasty
• Lasted until 1598
• By 1485, it had taken over Novgorod, Tver.
  Vladimir, and Riazan

4
RISE OF MUSCOVY

• Destructive civil war by Mongol general,
  Tamerlane destroyed all central authority within
  the Golden Horde
• Split into 4 subunits Kazan, Crimea, Kasimov,
  and Astrkhan
• Mongols no longer strong enough to enforce their
  authority over Moscow
• Grand Prince Ivan III (the Great) renounced
  allegiance to the Golden Horde
• 1480

Tamerlane
5
HOLY MOSCOW

• Spiritual and administrative leader of Russian
  church was the Metropolitan
• Headquartered in Kiev until 1241
• Metropolitan Peter died in 1326 while visiting
  Moscow
• Muscovites begin worshipping Peter as a saint and
  built huge shrine to his memory
• Grand Prince convinced new Metropolitan to make
  Moscow his headquarters
• Moscow becomes religious capital of Russia (until
  1917)
• Marks start of close relationship between
  Muscovite rulers and the Church

6
IVAN III

• Ruled 1462-1505
• Reign marked the end of appanage Russia and the
  beginning of Muscovite Russia
• Illustrious reign in terms of military success,
  territorial expansion, and total independence
  from the Mongols

7
IVAN III BECOMES TSAR

• Ivan III took the title of tsar and autocrat
• Tsar An independent ruler with absolute power
• Autocrat totally independent and all-powerful
  ruler
• Only Orthodox ruler left after fall of Byzantine
  Empire
• Eastern Orthodox society needed a political
  protector
• Married niece of last Byzantine emperor
• Surrounded himself with rituals and ceremonies
  adopted from the Byzantine court

8
LEGENDS

• Christianity brought to Russia by St. Andrew
• Tsar was directly descended from the old Roman
  emperors
• Moscow was the heir of all the grandeur and power
  of ancient Rome
• The Third Rome

9
SUMMARY

• IT WAS DURING THE REIGN OF IVAN III THAT THE
  GRAND PRINCE OF MOSCOW BEGAN HIS TRANSFORMATION
  INTO TSAR AND AUTOCRAT OF ALL RUSSIA AND BEGAN
  TO ADOPT THE RITUALS, CEREMONIES, AND LEGENDS TO
  SUPPORT THIS CLAIM AND MARK HIM OFF AS SPECIAL
  AND SUPERIOR TO THE OTHER PRINCES AND NOBLES OF
  RUSSIA.