Ch. 18: THE RISE OF RUSSIA

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Ch. 18 THE RISE OF RUSSIA
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RUSSIAN EMPIRE 1700
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Russian Expansion

• Ivan III Ivan the Great
• Freed from Tatars (1462)
• Rise of Moscow
• Ivan the Great, descendent of Rurik
• Built strong military

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Bell Tower and Ivan the Great
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Mongol Influence on Russia

• Russian adoption of Mongol dress
• Russia remained Christian
• Cultural life deteriorated
• Literacy reduced
• Trade down
• Establish Third Rome

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Ivan IV Ivan the Terrible

• Continued Russian expansion
• Emphasis on Tsarist autocracy
• Killed many boyars
• Killed his own son

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Russian Expansion

• Desire to push Mongols back farther
• South to Caspian Sea
• East to Ural Mountains
• Cossacks settled new regions
• Reward nobles with land

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Western Contact

• Mongol rule left Russia behind
• Anxious to trade with West
• Established trade centers in Moscow
• Italian architects design churches and buildings

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Romanov Dynasty

• Time of Troubles
• Ivan IV died with no heir
• Swedish and Polish attacks on Russia
• Romanov takeover
• Boyars choose Michael Romanov
• Re-established order
• Added part of Ukraine
• Alexis Romanov
• Abolished assemblies of nobles
• State control of church

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Westernization

• Peter I (Peter the Great)
• Son of Alexis
• Expanded territory
• Increased tsarist control
• Intelligent and energetic
• Traveled in west
• Incognito (68)
• Western manufacturing centers
• Interest in science and technology
• Return to Russia with artisans

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Peter the Great 1689-1724

• Autocratic ruler
• Put down revolts
• No interest in parliamentary features
• Imitated Western military
• Secret police
• Gained territory from Sweden
• Window to the Baltic
• Capital to St. Petersburg

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Cultural Changes

• Elite cut beards
• shorten coats
• better treatment of women

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Catherine the Great

• German-born princess
• Married Peter III, who was incapable
• 1762 came to throne as Catherine II
• Expansion of empire Ottomans and Poland
• Enlightened despot
• Pugachev Rebellion
• Extends power of government
• Power to nobility over serfs

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Serfdom

• Increasing power over serfs
• Lost land after Mongols
• Increased debt
• Weak government used landlords to control
  population
• Virtual slaves
• Bought, sold, beaten

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Economy and Social System Yield Unrest

• Backward agriculture
• Small merchant class
• Nobility wanted to eliminate competition
• Significant population growth
• Social unrest
• Backwardness
• Mistreatment
• Rebellion