By: Mrs. Nicholson

1
Virginia in the 20th Century

• By Mrs. Nicholson

2
Woodrow Wilson

• Born in Staunton, Virginia
• 28th President
• 1913-1921
• President during World War I

3
Virginia World War I

• World War I (WWI) started in 1914. The
  United States entered the war in 1917. Virginia
  played an important role during the war.
• The shipyards at Newport News the ports at
  Norfolk and Portsmouth became major centers for
  transporting supplies.
• Coal became an important fuel.
• The naval base at Norfolk became headquarters for
  the Atlantic fleet of the United States Navy.
• The United States Marine Corps set up its
  headquarters.

4
SUFFRAGE

• Women got the right to vote in 1920.
• After World War I, many Americans thought that
  women should have a right to vote. Lila Meade
  Valentine and Ellen Glasgow were Virginians who
  helped to start the Equal Suffrage League. This
  organization was formed to fight for womens
  rights to vote.
• The 19th Amendment to the United
• States Constitution was passed which gave
• women the right to vote in state and national
• elections.

5
Harry F. Byrd, Sr.

• Governor of Virginia
• (1926-1930)
• He later became U.S. Senator
• He created the pay as you go policy to improve
  roads. He did not want to borrow money. He
  wanted the tax on gasoline to pay for the
  improvements.

6
The Great Depression

• Businesses failed and many people lost their
  jobs.
• Many banks closed and people lost their savings.
• In Virginia, coal miners and farm workers had
  hard times.
• Some Virginians who worked for the government or
  the military were able to keep their jobs.

7
Pres. Roosevelt the New Deal

• Franklin D. Roosevelt was President in 1932.
• He had a plan called the New Deal.
• This was a plan to create jobs for people and get
  businesses started again.
• Virginians working in New Deal programs built
  public buildings and state parks. One project
  was Skyline Drive.

8
World War II

• World War II (WWII) began in 1939. The U.S.
  tried to stay out of the war but on Dec. 7, 1941,
  Japanese planes bombed the U.S. Pacific Fleet at
  Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Pres. Roosevelt asked
  Congress to declare war on Japan and its allies,
  Germany and Italy.
• Virginia again played an important role
• Old ships from WWI were launched from VAs ports.
• Supplies from factories were shipped overseas.
• Cities and towns grew when government workers
  moved to Virginia.

9
Civil Rights Movement

• Civil Rights are the rights of ALL people to be
  treated equally under the law.
• After WWII, African-Americans wanted full
  equality with white citizens. The Civil Rights
  Movement started in the 1950s in the South by
  African-Americans.

10
Separate but Equal

• Some people said it was not fair that black
  children and white children had to go to separate
  schools.
• Others said it was fair because it was separate
  but equal. The Supreme Court upheld this
  decision in the Plessy v. Ferguson case saying
  it was legal.
• BUTthe schools werent equal! Black schools had
  less money, fewer supplies and often no
  transportation to/from school.

11
Segregation vs. Integration

• In the 1950s and 1960s African-Americans
  protested against segregation and unfair laws.
• They participated in sit-ins, boycotts and
  marches.
• They wanted to remove prejudices and fight
  against discrimination.
• They wanted society to be integrated.
• Integration- bringing people of different races
  together

12
Massive Resistance Movement

• Harry F. Byrd, Sr. led the Massive Resistance
  Movement against integration of Virginias Public
  Schools in the late 1950s. Virginia lawmakers
  ordered that schools be closed rather than
  integrated.
• By the 1960s, public schools were integrated.
  Black and white students were going to the same
  schools.

13
Famous African-Americans

• L. Douglas Wilder
• He was elected Governor of Virginia in 1989.
• He was the first African-American governor in
  America.

• Arthur Ashe
• Born in Richmond
• First African-American professional tennis player.