ELECTRICITY

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ELECTRICITY

• By Mrs. Nicholson

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ATOMS

• All things are made up of tiny bits called atoms.
• Each atom is made up of smaller bits
• PROTONS- have a POSITIVE charge
• ELECTRONS- have a NEGATIVE charge
• NEUTRONS- have NO charge (neutral)
• An electric charge is the amount of electricity
  in or on an object.

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ATOMS

• Atoms have no electric charge
• They have 1 electron for every proton
• The negative and the positive balances
• An atom can loose electrons, then it is left with
  a positive charge because there are more positive
  charges
• An atom can gain an electron that it is left with
  a negative charge because there are more negative
  charges
• Opposite charges attract (just like magnets)
• Like charges repel (just like magnets)

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ELECTRIC CURRENT

• Flowing electrons creates an electric current.
  People can control electric current to make
  electricity work for them.
• Conductors- electric current passes easily
  through.
• Metals are good conductors
• Insulators- electric current does NOT pass easily
  through. Air, rubber, gas and plastic are
  insulators.
• Resistance- measures how well electricity flows
  through a material.
• Good Insulators have high resistance.
• Good Conductors have low resistance.

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OPEN CLOSED CIRCUITS

• The pathway taken by electric current is a
  circuit. Electric current flows only when it can
  follow a closed path called a closed circuit.
• Open circuits prevent the movement of electric
  current. If the path has a break in it, you open
  up the circuit. This is called an open circuit.

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STATIC ELECTRICITY

• It is the result of moving electrons from one
  object to another.
• It is an imbalance in the number of electric
  charges or in an object.
• Static electricity is created when an object
  loses or gains electrons
• Lightening is the discharge of static electricity
  in the atmosphere. It is the bright flash seen
  after enough discharges build up with in the
  clouds.
• When the difference is great enough, the charges
  quickly move to another cloud or toward the
  ground.

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SERIES CIRCUITS
PARALLEL CIRCUITS

• There is only 1 path for circuit
• A break in the circuit disrupts the current flow

• Current can take MORE than 1 path because there
  are separate paths
• If 1 bulb is missing, only that bulb goes out.

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THOMAS EDISON

• Inventor
• Invented the light bulb.
• The light bulb uses electricity instead of gas.

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Michael Faraday

• In 1831, he discovered how magnets and copper
  wire could be used to make electricity.
• He discovered that moving a magnet through the
  center of a coil of wire generated electric
  current.
• Found that electricity and magnetism are very
  closely linked. Magnets can be used to make
  electricity and electricity can be used to make
  magnets.

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Benjamin Franklin

• Proved that lightening and electricity are one
  and the same.
• June 1752, he flew a kite before a thunderstorm
  started to test his theory. The kites wet cotton
  string conducted electricity from the clouds to
  the key that was at the end of the string. He
  felt a shock.
• September 1752,
• he created the lightening rod.