Micronesians in Hawaii

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Micronesians in Hawaii
Jon, Hannah, Kehau, Lola, Cassandra

• History and Demographics (FSM)
• Religion and role of the Church in
• Micronesian culture
• History and nuclear weapons
• testing in the Marshall Islands
• Culture
• Navigation

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Geography

• Location Oceania, island group in the North
  Pacific Ocean
• Area 702 sq. mi.
• Terrain varies from high mountainous islands to
  low coral atolls
• Coastline 3,795 mi.

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Environment

• Climate Tropical
• Natural Hazards Typhoons
• Natural resources forests, marine products,
  deep-seabed minerals
• Environmental issues current overfishing

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Population

• Total population 134,597 (2001 est.)
• Growth rate 3.28
• Population density 192 persons
• Birth rate 27.09 births/1,000 persons
• Life expectancy at birth 68.83 years
• Death rate 5.95 deaths/1,000 persons

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• Ethnic groups nine ethnic Micronesian and
  Polynesian groups
• Religion Roman Catholic 50, Protestant 47,
  other 3
• Language English
• Literacy rate (ages 15 years and over) females
  88, males 91.
• Net migration rate 11.65 migrants per 1,000
  persons

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Government

• Government type constitutional government.
  Compact of Free Association (11/03/86)
• Capital Palikir
• Executive branch President, Vice President,
  Cabinet
• Legislative branch Unicameral congress
• Judicial branch Supreme court

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Economy

• Currency US Dollar
• Overview Subsistence farming and fishing
• Unemployment rate 27
• Industries Tourism, construction, fishing,
  processing craft items.
• Agriculture Black pepper, tropical fruits and
  vegetables, coconuts, cassava, sweet potatoes,
  pigs, chickens.

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• Export commodities fish, garments , bananas,
  black pepper.
• Export dollars 73 million est.
• Export partners Japan, US, Guam
• Import commodities food, manufactured goods,
  machinery and equipment, beverages.
• Import dollars 168 million est.
• Import partners US, Japan, Australia.
• External debt 111 million est.

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History

• Islands settled as early as 200 AD.
• Ruins in Kosrae and Nan Madol that date back to
  the 13th and 14th centuries.
• First European contact Spanish explorers in the
  1500s.
• American and British whalers in the 1800s.

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Compact of Free Association

• Joint congresional-executive agreement.
• 1986 Federated States of Micronesia, Republic
  of the Marshall Islands.
• 1994 Republic of Palau.

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• United States funding for developmental programs
• Use of United States currency
• Immigration privileges
• United States mail transportation
• Federal processing of applications for air
  services
• In exchange United States use of land for
  military purposes

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• After Spanish-American war in 1898, colonial
  control changed from Spain to Germany.
• World War I islands occupied by Japan in 1914
  eventually became a League of Nations mandated
  territory.
• Missionaries and coconut oil trade in the mid
  19th century.

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Migration

• Employment and education
• Pre-compact 33.3 years old
• Post-compact 21.8 years old
• Average family size 4.0 people
• 9,000 15,000 (est.) Micronesians currently
  living in Hawaii.

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• Pre-compact 55 education
• 13 employment
• 13 spouse, dependent
• Post-compact 50 education
• 16 employment
• 11 spouse, dependent
• Major occupations agricultural, fishing,
  forestry, precision production and crafts
• Unemployment 17
• Income levels Pre and Post-compact
• Income expenditures

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Micronesia is comprised of the following
island countries the Marshall Islands, the
Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, the
Northern Mariana Islands, Kiribati, and Nauru.
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Oceania
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before the islands were colonized.
"Let us leave these good people to their early
habits and inclinations." -Jacques Arago
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Micronesia RELIGION
In 1521 Magellan landed in Guam and began two
centuries of Spanish domination in Micronesia. In
the 17th century Christianity was introduced into
the islands. Almost all islanders were converted
to Roman Catholicism by Spanish missionaries
including Spanish Capuchins.
Palau
In the 1800s European whalers were followed by
American whalers, who were followed by Protestant
missionaries.
1521-1885
Chuukese men
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Micronesia RELIGION
In 1885 Germany acquired the Marshall Islands
from Spain. And in 1899 the Carolines and the
Marianas were also bought, for 25 million
pesetas.

• By 1907 German missionaries had replaced
  all Spanish missionaries. Capuchins from the
  Rhine-Westphalian Province arrived each year and
  soon each Catholic parish had a school.

1886-1914
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Micronesia RELIGION
The Japanese built Buddhist temples and Shinto
shrines, geisha houses and public baths, creating
little Tokyos across Micronesia.
Under the Japanese rule, islanders were treated
as second-class citizens.
The time between WWI and WWII were known as the
Japanese occupation times. Some people adopted
Shintoism as it was advocated by the Japanese.
Palau
1914-1945
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Micronesia RELIGION
Today, the FSM has a population of 132,000. An
estimated 50 of the people are Catholic. The
Catholic communityin Guam accounts for 98 of
the population. Unlike most other Micronesians,
most Nauruans and Marshallese are
Protestant. One-third of Palauspopulation
observethe Modekngei religion.
In 1947 the U.S. was given administrative rights
over the islands and set up the Trust Territory
of the Pacific Islands. The islands have since
formed their own nations. The United States still
aids these developing countries.
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Micronesia
The Republic of the Marshall Islands

• The Ratak (sunrise) chain has 2 islands, 14
  atolls, and 641 islets.
• The Ralik (sunset) chain has 3 islands, 15
  atolls, and 584 islets.

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Micronesia
The Federated States of Micronesia
Number of islands 607 States Chuuk, Kosrae,
Pohnpei, Yap (since 1979)
Kepirohi, Pohnpei
Sokehs island
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Micronesia
The Republic of Belau
Capital Koror Population 18,766 Number of
Islands 300 Independence 1 October
1994 Industries Tourism, fish, trochus
Under German rule, mining in the Rock Islands
lasted for over thirty years. Islanders were paid
an equivalent of 4 a month to mine phosphate.
The Rock Islands
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Micronesia
The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
Capital Saipan Population -Guam 145,000
-CNMI 50,000 Number of islands 15 (Guam
incl.) Independence Became fully self-governing
as Commonwealth of the United States in 1990
Industries Copra, tourism, construction,
garments
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Micronesia
Republic of Kiribati
Capital Tarawa Population 83,976 Number of
islands 33 Island groups the Gilbert, the
Phoenix, the Line Islands Independence 12
July 1979 (from UK) Industries Fishing,
handicrafts
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Republic of Nauru
Micronesia
Capital no official capital Population 11,845
(July 2000 est.) Number of Islands 1 14
districts Independence 31 January 1968 (from
Australia-NZ) Industries Phosphate mining,
coconut products
Phosphate rocks in Nauru
Nauru
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Micronesia Culture
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Micronesia Culture
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navigation
"Like veins in our bodies, canoes are sacred
vessels that carry the life of the people."
-Celestino Emwalu
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Bibliography

• The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San
  Francisco Harper Collins (1989). Reprint
  originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living
  Religions, 1981 pg. 545.
• http//www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_208.html
• http//www.pacificislandtravel.com
• http//www.micsem.org/
• http//www.pohnpeiheaven.com
• http//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/
• http//ns.gov.gu/
• http//www.lonelyplanet.com