Chemistry Review and Atomic Structure

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Chemistry Review andAtomic Structure
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K

• 118 elements on periodic table
• Each element has an atomic number, symbol,
  chemical name, atomic weight
• Each substance has a chemical formula
• Chemical formula for water is H2O
• Atoms have nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons
• Oxygen and Hydrogen make water

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K

• Protons are positive, neutrons no charge,
  electrons are negative

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W

• Which elements are explosive
• Why some elements are explosive
• How do you split an atom
• How did they come up with the periodic table
• How do chemicals react with each other
• Which chemicals are dangerous when mixed

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W

• What happens to certain chemicals when they are
  heated/cooled
• Can a chemical react in nature
• Which chemicals are not man made

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What we know

• Some elements cannot mix
• Nuclear energy- power
• Two letter symbol for each element
• There are atomic simulators on the computer
• Atomic bombs are really powerful
• Albert Einstein part of discovering atom bomb
• Atoms make up molecules
• Protons, neutrons, electrons
• Protons-positive charge, electrons-negative,
  neutrons- no charge

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W

• What chemicals can go together
• How are chemicals made
• Learn about the elements on the table
• What is radiation
• What elements cause reactions
• Can acid burn through glass
• Dark matter
• What chemicals (man made) make water
• Albert Einsteins work
• How atomic bombs are made

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What we Know

• Periodic table lists all the elements
• Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, electrons
• The pH scale determines the acidity of something
• Protons and neutrons are in the center of the
  atom and the electrons circle around it
• Protons , electrons -, neutronsno charge
• pH 7 neutral, 6-1 acid, 8-14 base
• Must have same number of protons electrons in
  atom

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What we want to learn

• What happens when you mix certain substances
• How an atomic bombs works/functions
• How to make fireworks
• Characteristics of elements
• Which chemicals are explosive
• Radioactivity cures health problems?
• What chemicals neutralize radioactive elements
• Creationism vs. Darwinism

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Matter

• Is anything that has mass and takes up space. It
  is composed of one element or a combination of
  two or more elements-
• desk, door, hair, people, book, sand, water, air

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Element

• The building blocks of matter, simplest pure
  substances that cannot be broken down into any
  other substances.
• Ex Aluminum, iron, copper, lead, oxygen,
  chlorine, neon, and helium.

Nitrogen
Carbon
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Compound

• A pure substance made of two or more elements
  that are combined chemically in a specific ratio.
  
• Example Water, Salt (sodium and chlorine), Sugar

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Mixture

• two or more substances (elements, compounds or
  both) that are in the same place but are not
  chemically combined. They can be separated into
  the original substances
• Example (air, soil, wood, gasoline, concrete,
  chocolate milk)

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muffin

• Soft
• Tasty
• Multi-color
• Light
• Doted
• Shape of a tree
• Rough edges
• Different texture
• Made out of different things then the muffin
• Smaller then the muffin
• Different sizes
• scattered

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Baseball

• Its round
• White
• Red
• Solid
• Small
• Hard
• Heavy

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peach

• Core in the middle
• Yellowish
• Solid
• Round
• Same spot
• Fuzzy
• Core is harder then what is around it
• Fairly heavy

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onion

• Purple
• Layered
• Scent
• Pattern in the color
• Heavy and round
• Rings
• Rings get smaller
• Middle is white
• Multiple rings in the center

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Baseball/Pool ball

• Round
• Hard
• Small
• Heavy
• Solid

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Muffin

• Different colors
• Rough texture
• Soft
• Round
• Berries
• Small berries
• Spaced out berries
• Darker color then berries
• Juicy

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onion

• Purple
• Hard
• Smells
• Cut in half
• White in middle
• Layers
• Crunchy
• Juicy
• Rings close together
• Purple rings
• Pattern with colors
• More then one rings
• They get bigger

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Peach

• Has a seed in it
• Round
• Soft
• Red
• Yellow
• Fuzzy on outside
• Juicy
• Solid
• Eatable
• Has something in center
• Small
• Middle is hard

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Baseball

• Heavy
• Round
• Hard
• Solid

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Baseball

• Sphere, round
• Solid
• Hard

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John Dalton

• Early 1800s
• Pool Ball/Bowling Ball
• Thought atoms were smooth, hard balls.
• Cannot be broken into smaller pieces or divided
• All elements are made of atoms
• Atoms of different elements have different masses
  and characteristics
• An atom of one element cannot be changed into an
  atom of a different element.
• Atoms cannot be created nor destroyed only
  rearranged.
• Compounds or made of atoms from different elements

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Muffin

• Not hollow
• Circle
• Berries are on the inside of the muffin
• Some of the berries are spread out
• Berries are a small part of the muffin
• Berries are scattered randomly

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Muffin

• Round
• Round blueberries
• Soft
• Light weight but some density
• Berries are all over muffin
• All berries are inside muffin

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J.J. Thomson

• 1897
• Berry or chocolate chip muffin
• An atom consists of negative charges scattered
  throughout a ball of positive charges.

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Peach

• Pink and yellow
• Dark purple pit in the middle
• Round
• Smooth
• Cut in half
• Juicy
• One half of the peach is hollow
• Outside is multiple colors
• Heavy
• Outside is fuzzy
• Inside is mushy

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Peach

• Has a pit in middle
• Round
• One half is hollow in center
• Smooth on outside
• Has some density

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Ernest Rutherford

• (one of Thomsons students)
• 1911
• Peach
• Positive charge (protons) is located in the
  center of the atom
• Center is called the nucleus.
• Almost all of the atoms mass is located in the
  nucleus.
• Atom is mostly empty space with the electrons
  moving around the nucleus.

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Onion

• Purple
• White inside
• Lots of rings
• Round
• Cut in half
• Darker on the outside lighter in the center
• Flaky skin stuff??
• Has layers
• The rings are swirly
• The rings are smaller in the center

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Onion

• Layers
• Round
• Halves are symmetrical
• Has a core in center
• Whitish yellowish core
• Rings
• Rings are thin
• Rings get bigger

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Neils Bohr

• (student of Thomsom and Rutherford)
• 1913
• Sliced Red onion Planets in the solar system
• Electrons could have only specific amounts of
  energy, leading them to move in certain orbits

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Modern Scientists

• 1920s
• Fan/Cloud
• Electrons do not orbit the nucleus like planets
• Electrons are in a cloudlike region around the
  nucleus.
• Electrons of the same energy are in the same
  energy level.

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James Chadwick

• 1932
• Fan/Cloud
• Found that the atom has a particle that was
  electrically neutral (neutron).

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Good Morning/Afternoon 2/27

• 1. Please copy the weekly plan from the board
  into your agenda.
• 2. Take out a pen/pencil and your blue Chemistry
  notes.
• Do you have any missing/late work to turn in?

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Review

• 1. How is a compound different than a mixture?
• 2. How is a compound similar to an element?
• 3. How is Thompsons atomic model different than
  Daltons?
• 4. How is Bohrs atomic model different than
  Rutherfords?
• 5. What did James Chadwick add to the modern
  atomic model?

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Periodic Table Review

• Atomic Number- of protons in each element
• Atomic Mass- total mass of its protons and
  neutrons
• Group/Family- Columns going down the periodic
  table
• Period- Rows going across the periodic table

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Calculating neutrons

• To figure out the number of neutrons in an
  element take the atomic mass and subtract the
  atomic number
• Ex Lithium
• Atomic Mass 7
• Atomic number3
• 7-3 4 Neutrons

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Calculating Electrons

• There is always an equal amount of protons and
  electrons in an element. To figure out how many
  electrons there are, look at the atomic number!