Basic General Chemistry I

1
General Chemistry Review

• Part I

2
General Chemistry Carbon Atom

1. Atomic Theory
2. Covalent Bonding
3. Chemical Formulas

3
General Chemistry of Carbon

• Carbon is a non-metal chemical element.
• A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves
  the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

4
General Chemistry of Carbon

• Carbon atomic number
• 6 Protons
• 6 Electrons
• 6 Neutrons
• Group IV
• Four valence electrons

5
Atomic Theory of Carbon

• Ground state electronic configuration of carbon
  is
• 1s22s22p2
• He 2s22p2

2S2
Nucleus
1S2
2P2
6
Electronic Configuration
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
C
7
Atomic Theory of Carbon

• Carbon atom ground state configuration
• 1s2 2s2 2Px1 2Py1 2Pz0

8
Covalent Bonding

• Carbon can covalently bond with other elements
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Sulfur
• Halogens

9
Covalent Bonding

• Carbon only forms single, double or triple bonds
  with other carbon atoms

10
Covalent Bonding

• Carbon only forms single bonds with hydrogen
  and/or halogens atoms

11
Covalent Bonding

• Carbon may form single bonds with nitrogen,
  oxygen and sulfur

12
Covalent Bonding

• Carbon may also form double bonds with nitrogen,
  oxygen and sulfur

13
Covalent Bonding

• Carbon may also form triple bonds with nitrogen,
  sulfur and oxygen

14
Chemical Formulas

• Three classes are
• Molecular
• Structural
• Condensed

15
Molecular Formulas

• Show
• The types of atoms present
• The numbers of each atom present in a molecule

16
Molecular Formulas

• For example, glucose
• Symbols for carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are C,
  H, and O respectively
• Molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6

17
Structural Formula s

• Show arrangement of atoms
• How atoms are bonded,
• In which order they are bonded
• Whether single, double or triple bonds are used

18
Structural Formulas Examples
19
Condensed Formulas

• Show
• Groups of atoms in a molecule
• The sequential relationships of these group of
  atoms to each other with or without showing
  covalent bonds

20
Condensed Formulas Examples
21
Condensed Formulas Examples