Protons are in the nucleus (center) of the atom

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• Protons are in the nucleus (center) of the atom
• Have a positive charge
• Neutrons are in the nucleus (center) of the atom
• Are neutral have no charge
• Electrons move in energy levels outside of the
  nucleus
• Have a negative charge
• Nucleus contains both protons and neutrons and
  most of the atoms mass
• Have a positive charge

http//jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCESoft/CCA/pirelli/p
ages/cca3NI3.html
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The columns are called groups or families.
Groups have similar physical and chemical
properties and the same number of valence
electrons
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Name the groups boxed in yellow, orange, green
and blue.
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The rows are called periods. They tell you how
many energy levels an atom has
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What is the energy level of Nickel, Ni?
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What is the principle energy level of Nickel, Ni?
4it is in the row numbered 4
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8th Grade SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Using the SOL Periodic Table Click on the link to
get the SOL periodic table Keep this Adobe file
open as you work on the review Lets use the
periodic table to answer some questions about
Silicon
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8th Grade SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Using the SOL Periodic Table Lets use the
periodic table to answer some questions about
Silicon. How many protons does Silicon have?
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8th grade SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Using the SOL Periodic Table Lets use the
periodic table to answer some questions about
Silicon. How many protons does Silicon have? 14
protons atomic number. How many electrons does
neutral Silicon have?
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Chemistry SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Using the SOL Periodic Table Lets use the
periodic table to answer some questions about
Silicon. How many protons does Silicon have? 14
protons atomic number. How many electrons does
neutral Silicon have? 14 electrons ( electrons
protons in neutral atoms) How many neutrons
does Silicon-30 have?
12
Chemistry SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Using the SOL Periodic Table Lets use the
periodic table to answer some questions about
Silicon. How many protons does Silicon have? 14
protons atomic number. How many electrons does
neutral Silicon have? 14 electrons ( electrons
protons in neutral atoms) How many neutrons
does Silicon-30 have? 16 neutrons. Silicon-30
is an isotope of Silicon. It has a mass number
of 30. The mass number is protons neutrons.
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Chemistry SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Using the SOL Periodic Table Lets use the
periodic table to answer some questions about
Silicon. How many protons does Silicon have? 14
protons atomic number. How many electrons does
neutral Silicon have? 14 electrons ( electrons
protons in neutral atoms) How many neutrons
does Silicon-30 have? 16 neutrons. Silicon-30
is an isotope of Silicon. It has a mass number
of 30. The mass number is protons
neutrons. What is the atomic mass of Silicon?
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Chemistry SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Using the SOL Periodic Table Lets use the
periodic table to answer some questions about
Silicon. How many protons does Silicon have? 14
protons atomic number. How many electrons does
neutral Silicon have? 14 electrons ( electrons
protons in neutral atoms) How many neutrons
does Silicon-30 have? 30 neutrons. Silicon-30
is an isotope of Silicon. It has a mass number
of 30. The mass number is protons
neutrons. What is the atomic mass of Silicon?
28.0855 grams/mole (this is the same as the
atomic mass on the periodic table)
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8th grade SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
What are Valence electrons?
Valence Group Number for Groups 1 2 for
Groups 13-18 subtract 10
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Chemistry SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Valence electron configuration and the periodic
table
How many valence electrons does Lithium have?
(Group 1)
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Chemistry SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Valence electron configuration and the periodic
table
How many valence electrons would Boron have?
(Group 13)
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Chemistry SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Isotopes elements with the same number of
protons, but a different number of neutrons.
Carbon-14 has ___ protons and ___ neutrons
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Chemistry SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Isotopes elements with the same mass, the same
number of protons, but a different number of
neutrons.
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Chemistry SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Isotopes elements with the same number of
protons, but a different number of neutrons.
Carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons Carbon-13
has 6 protons and 7 neutrons Carbon 14 has 6
protons and 8 neutrons
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Chemistry SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Development of the Atomic Model

• Thompson Model
• Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment and Model
• Bohr Model
• Quantum-Mechanical Model

The problems of language here are really serious.
We wish to speak in some way about the structure
of the atoms. But we cannot speak about atoms in
ordinary language. Heisenberg
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Chemistry SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Thompson Model

• The atom is a positively charged diffuse mass
  with negatively charged electrons stuck in it.

From Mark Rosengartens New York Regents
Powerpoint
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Chemistry SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Rutherford Model

• The atom is made of a small, dense, positively
  charged nucleus with electrons at a distance, the
  vast majority of the volume of the atom is empty
  space.

Alpha particles shot at a thin sheet of
gold foil most go through (empty space).
Some deflect or bounce off (small
charged nucleus).
From Mark Rosengartens New York Regents
Powerpoint
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Chemistry SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Bohr Model

• Electrons orbit around the nucleus in energy
  levels (shells). Atomic bright-line spectra was
  the clue.

From Mark Rosengartens New York Regents
Powerpoint
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8th Grade SOL ReviewAtomic Structure
Electron Cloud Model

• Electron energy levels are wave functions.
• Electrons are found in orbitals, regions of space
  where an electron is most likely to be found.
• You cant know both where the electron is and
  where it is going at the same time.
• Electrons buzz around the nucleus like gnats
  buzzing around your head.

From Mark Rosengartens New York Regents
Powerpoint