A Review of Basic Chemistry

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A Review of Basic Chemistry
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Minerals

• Mineral - a naturally occurring inorganic
  crystalline solid with a definite chemical
  composition
• Building blocks of rocks
• Cannot be divided into smaller components by
  mechanical means

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Minerals

• Matter Forms and Structure
• Elements
• Compounds

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Matter Forms and Structure
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Minerals

• Matter Forms and Structure
• Forms of Elements and Compounds
• Atom - the basic building block of all chemical
  elements
• Molecule - a combination of two or more atoms of
  the same or different elements held together by
  chemical bonds

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Periodic Table of Elements
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Molecular Compounds
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Formation of a Molecule
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Minerals

• Matter Forms and Structure
• The structure of elements and compounds
• Ion - an atom or a group of atoms with one or
  more positive () or negative (-) electrical
  charges
• Cation () - Na1
• Anion (-) - Cl-1

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Minerals

• Matter Forms and Structure
• The structure of atoms and molecules
• Subatomic particles
• Protons ()
• Neutrons (o)
• Electrons (-)

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Minerals

• Matter Forms and Structure
• The structure of atoms and molecules
• Atomic Number (AN) - number of protons in the
  nucleus of a chemical element
• Hydrogen AN 1
• Carbon AN 6
• Uranium AN 92

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Minerals

• Matter Forms and Structure
• The structure of atoms and molecules
• Mass Number (MN) - the total number of neutrons
  and protons in the nucleus of an atom
• Hydrogen MN 1 proton 0 neutron 1
• Uranium MN 92 protons 143 neutrons 235

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Minerals

• Matter Forms and Structure
• The structure of atoms and molecules
• Ion - an atom or group of atoms with one or more
  positive or negative electrical charges

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Minerals

• Matter Forms and Structurey
• The structure of atoms and molecules
• Ions
• Sodium (Na)
• 11 protons 11 electrons ? no net charge
• Loses 1 electron
• 11 electrons 10 protons ? net 1 charge (Na1)

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Matter and Energy

• Matter Forms, Structure, and Quality
• The structure of atoms and molecules
• Types of chemical bonds
• Ionic
• Covalent
• Hydrogen

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Minerals

• Matter Forms and Structure
• The structure of atoms and molecules
• Types of chemical bonds
• Ionic Bond - bond formed by attraction between
  oppositely charged ions

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The Structure of Ordinary Table Salt - An Ionic
Compound
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Minerals

• Matter Forms, Structure, and Quality
• The structure of atoms and molecules
• Types of chemical bonds
• Covalent Bond - bond formed by the sharing of
  electrons between atoms

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Matter and Energy

• Matter Forms, Structure, and Quality
• The structure of atoms and molecules
• Types of chemical bonds
• Hydrogen Bond - occurs between molecules in which
  hydrogen is bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, or
  fluorine