Race to Space 1957

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Race to Space 1957

• October 4, 1957
• Sputnik (Soviet Union)
• Size of basketball
• Weighed 183 pounds
• 98 minutes to orbit Earth on elliptical path

NASA
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Race to Space 1958

• USA NASA founded
• USSR Luna missions to the moon
• USA Race to space begins

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Race to Space 1961

• Vostok 1(Soviet Union)
• (space)
• First manned flight
• Yuri Gagarin
• Did not land with craft does not qualify as a
  first space flight because he did not land with
  his craft but parachuted out 6 km up

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Race to Space 1962

• President Kennedy makes famous speech at Rice
  University

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Race to Space 1974

• Mariner 10 (United States)
• (Mercury)
• Came within 10,000 km of the Mercury surface
• Past by Mercury 3 times
• 45 explored
• remainder unexplored

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Race to Space 1962

• Mariner 2 (United States)
• (Venus)
• Venus flyby
• Came within 35,000 km
• Determined retrograde motion of Venus and CO2
  atmosphere

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Race to Space 1967

• Venera 4 (Soviet Union)
• (Venus)
• First probe to penetrate Venesian atmosphere and
  transmit data

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Race to Space 1967

• Mariner 5 (United States)
• (Venus)
• took temperature results which verified why
  Venera 4 stopped sending data too hot it
  melted lead.

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Race to Space 1970

• Venera 7 (Soviet Union)
• (Venus)
• First spacecraft to soft-land on Venus
• Probe survived 23 minutes
• Probe collected data about atmospheric pressure
  and temperature

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Race to Space 1978

• Pioneer Venus (United States)
• (Venus)
• Orbited 150 km and dispatched a multiprobe
  consisting of five separate instruments packages
  into the planets atmosphere
• Radar images of most of the planets surface

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Space Exploration 1983

• Venera 15 16 (Soviet Union)
• (Venus)
• detailed radio maps of the surface in the
  northern hemisphere

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Space Exploration 1990-1991

• Magellan (United States)
• (Venus)
• Mapped the entire surface of Venus
• 10X better resolution than previous pictures
• theories have been radically altered due to data
  from Magellan

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Race to Space 1964

• Mariner 4 (United States)
• (Mars)
• Mars flyby
• Took pictures of 1 of surface which was ancient
  part of Mars looked similar to the moon.

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Race to Space 1971

• Mariner 9 (United States)
• (Mars)
• 1 km resolution
• observations included vast plains, volcanoes,
  drainage channels, and canyons
• paved way for actual landings

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Race to Space 1976

• Viking I and II (United States)
• (Mars)
• Viking I landed on the surface on July 20 1976
• Both probes successful

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Race to Space 1976

• Viking I and II(United States)
• (Mars)
• Viking I operated until Nov 1982
• Viking II in orbit operated until Apr 1980

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Space Exploration 1997

• Mars Global Surveyor (United States)
• (Mars)
• Probe currently orbiting the planet, scanning it
  with cameras and other sensors, and charting the
  Martian landscape

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Space Exploration 1997

• Pathfinder (United States)
• (Mars)
• On July 4 it parachuted an instrument package to
  the Martian surface
• Side panels opened and out came a small 6-wheeled
  mini-rover called Sojourner

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Space Exploration 1997

• Pathfinder (United States)
• (Mars)
• Sojourner roamed the Martian countryside for 3
  months
• Sojourner collected atmospheric and geological
  samples

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Space Exploration 2003

• Mars Exploration Rover (United States)
• Landed in January
• Two rovers
• Opportunity and Spirit

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Race to Space 1966

• Luna 9 (Soviet Union)
• (Moon)
• January 31, 1966
• First craft to soft land on the moon
• Sent back pictures of the surface

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Race to Space 1966

• Surveyor 1 (United States)
• (Moon)
• May 30, 1966
• Soft landed shortly after Luna 9

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Race to Space 1967

• Apollo 1 (AS-204) (United States)
• Disaster on Pad 34
• Gus Grissom
• Ed White
• Roger Chaffee
• Fire claimed the lives of the three astronauts

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Race to Space 1969

• Apollo 11 (AS-506) (United States)
• July 20, 1969
• Lunar Landing Mission
• First steps by Neil Armstrong and then Buzz Aldrin

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Race to Space 1969

• Apollo 11 (AS-506) (United States)
• Neil Armstrong commander
• Buzz Aldrin Lunar module pilot
• Michael Collins command module pilot

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Race to Space 1969

• Apollo 11 (AS-506) (United States)
• Lunar Module- The Eagle

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Race to Space 1969

• Apollo 11 (AS-506) (United States)
• Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon

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Race to Space 1969

• Apollo 11 (AS-506) (United States)
• Command and Service module - Columbia

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Race to Space 1970

• Apollo 13 (United States)
• Crew
• commander
• James Lovell, Jr. (L)
• command module pilot
• John Swigert (C)
• lunar module pilot
• Fred Haise (R)

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Race to Space 1970

• Apollo 13 (United States)
• Houston weve had a problem
• 3rd mission to moon
• oxygen tank stir caused explosion
• most successful disaster

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Race to Space 1972

• Apollo 17 (United States)
• Last manned mission to the moon

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Race to Space 1972

• Pioneer 10 (United States)
• (Jupiter)
• first to travel through asteroid belt
• first to make direct observations and obtain
  close-up image of Jupiter

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Race to Space 1972

• Pioneer 10 (United States)
• (Jupiter)
• over 7 billion miles away
• mission ended 1997
• weak signal continues to be tracked
• headed toward Taurus

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Race to Space 1972

• Pioneer 10 (United States)
• plaque

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Race to Space 1973

• Pioneer 11 (United States)
• (Jupiter)
• studied Jupiter and Saturn
• mission ended 1995 when last of transmission was
  received
• headed toward Aquila

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Race to Space 1977

• Voyager 1 (United States)
• close flybys of Jupiter and Saturn
• Approximately 40 AU (150 million kilometers) from
  the sun

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Race to Space 1977

• Voyager 2 (United States)
• Close flybys of Neptune and Uranus as well as
  Jupiter and Saturn
• Approximately 31 AU away

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Space Exploration 1995

• Galileo (United States)
• Launched in 1989
• Studied the moon Io and took pictures of
  volcanoes
• Magnetic field of Jupiter would shut down
  computers when coming close to Io. Scientists
  sent computer program to fix the problem.

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Space Exploration 1995

• Galileo (United States)
• Studied Europa and discovered oceans below the
  icy surface
• Was sent into the surface of Jupiter on September
  21 to keep it from contaminating the moons.

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Space Exploration 1997

• Cassini-Huygens (United States)
• Arrived at Saturn June 2004
• Studied surface of Saturn and Titan
• Huygens probe dropped into the atmosphere of
  Titan

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Space Exploration 1981

• Columbia (United States)
• first space shuttle launch
• Four other orbiters have flown as part of the
  Shuttle fleet Atlantis, Challenger, Discovery,
  and Endeavour.
• There have been over a hundred successful Shuttle
  launches since this first mission in 1981.

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Space Exploration 1981

• Columbia (United States)
• first space shuttle launch

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Space Exploration 1986

• Challenger explosion (United States)

Space Exploration 2003

• Columbia explosion (United States)

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Contributions of the Space Program
Reference http//techtran.msfc.nasa.gov/at_home.h
tml
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Contributions

• The Race to Space contributed to the increase in
  Science and Math education.
• There have been many contributions made from NASA
  since the 1960s.

NASA
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Contributions

• Contributions for your home
• Satellites and satellite TV
• Cordless tools
• Smoke detectors
• HOME Guardian water filters
• Insulation

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Contributions

• Contributions for hospitals
• Laser heart surgery
• LEDs
• New arms and legs
• Body imaging
• Digital mammography

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Contributions

• Contributions for all humankind
• Fighting forest fires
• Preventing landmine explosions
• New arms and legs
• Oil spill control
• Feeding the world