Infant Psychosocial Development

1
Infant Psychosocial Development
2
Emotional Development

• Early Emotions distress (through crying) and
  pleasure
• first smiles at border between states
• social smiles _____ weeks
• laughter 3 to 4 months
• At 6-9 months, emotions become more differentiated

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Emotional Development

• Emotions
• _________ _______ starts 6 months, prominent
  at 10-14 months
• ______ ____________ used
• __________ _____ starts 8-9 months, peaks at 14
  months, then declines
• these actually reflect a cognitive advance!

4
Emotional Development

• Complex emotions (shame, guilt, envy,
  embarrassment, etc.)
• arise as _____ ___ _____ develops
• see rouge test
• recognizes self in mirror at __ months of age

5
Test Your Knowledge

• When a 7 month old baby encounters an unfamiliar
  person, s/he is likely to show
• A. stranger anxiety
• B. separation anxiety
• C. joy
• D. social referencing, if the parent is near
• E. more than one of the above

6
Test Your Knowledge

• When a 1 year old baby girl sees her reflection
  in the mirror,
• A. she is likely to recognize that it is the self
  in the mirror
• B. she is not likely to recognize that it is the
  self in the mirror

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Temperament

• 9 dimensions of temperament (Thomas Chess)
• 1. ______ _____ amount of movement
• 2. Rhythmicity regularity of body functions
• 3. Approach-withdrawal first reaction to new
  situation

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Temperament

• 9 dimensions of temperament (Thomas and Chess)
• 4. Adaptability extent of adjustment over time
• 5. Intensity strength of reaction to inside or
  outside events
• 6. _________ strength of stimulus needed to
  respond

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Temperament

• 9 dimensions of temperament (Thomas and Chess)
• 7. Mood pleasant, unpleasant
• 8. _______________ extent to which ongoing
  activities can be interrupted
• 9. Persistence of attention how long child stays
  with an activity or returns to it after
  interruption

10
Test Your Knowledge

• Jamie screams at the top of her lungs when her
  throat hurts, while Tyler just whimpers when he
  has a sore throat. They differ in which dimension
  of temperament?
• A. threshold
• B. intensity
• C. adaptability

11
Test Your Knowledge

• When Susie crawls toward an electrical outlet,
  her Mom calls out to Susie to look at the pretty
  bird that has just landed on the bird feeder.
  Susie immediately goes to look at the bird. Which
  dimension of temperament does this describe?
• A. distractability
• B. persistence of attention

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Temperament

• 3 general types of temperament
• ____
• _________
• slow to warm up
• Need ________ __ ___ between temperament and
  parenting

13
Sensitive Care A Dance

• Sensitive care/parenting
• awareness of infants signals
• timely, correct, empathic response

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Sensitive Care A Dance

• Sensitive care/parenting
• interactional synchrony between P C
• resembles a _____
• baby signals when ready to interact and when
  needs a break
• parent follows signals
• contributes to trust/security

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Infant Psychosocial Tasks

• Erikson
• _____ __ _______ crisis of infancy
• autonomy vs. shame and doubt crisis of
  toddlerhood

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Attachment

• Attachment close, lasting emotional bond
• develops across time (repeated interactions)
• normal infant development requires this bond
• but __ ______ _____in minutes right after birth

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Attachment

• Attachment
• is seen through proximity-seeking and _______
  ___________ behaviors

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Attachment

• Ainsworth Strange Situation Procedure
• for assessing attachment in lab setting
• does child _______ ____?
• does child react when parent leaves?
• does child seek _______ when parent returns?

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Attachment

• Patterns of Attachment
• ______ associated with later competence
• anxious-resistant (ambivalent)
• anxious-avoidant
• disorganized/disoriented

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Attachment Effects Elsewhere

• Attachment affects other domains
• If securely attached (willing to play and explore
  toys), will learn (_________ domain)
• If attachment figure disappears, might show
  physical symptoms (________ domain)

21
Test Your Knowledge

• In the Strange Situation procedure, 18 month old
  Kia ignores her mother when the mother returns to
  the room after Kia was all alone. Which pattern
  of attachment would you suspect?
• Anxious-avoidant
• Anxious-resistant
• Disorganized/disoriented

22
Test Your Knowledge

• In the Strange Situation procedure, 18 month old
  Kia wont leave her moms side at the beginning
  of the procedure. She sobs when mom leaves the
  room and wants to be picked up when mom returns.
  She kicks mom when mom picks her up. Which
  pattern of attachment is she displaying?