Manifest Destiny, Settlers, and Missionaries

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Manifest Destiny, Settlers, and Missionaries
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Manifest Destiny Belief that America was
destined by God to expand from the Atlantic to
the Pacific Ocean
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Oregon Trail
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Old Oregon Map
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Oregon Trail
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Oregon Trail

• Oregon Trail, 1840-1880
• Covered wagon trail from Independence, MO to
  Oregon City, OR
• Thousands arrived to the PNW, strengthening
  Americas claim
• Trip took up to 6 months, death rate was high 1
  out of 9 would not make it.
• At The Dalles, you either floated down the
  Columbia or you took the Barlow Road

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Oregon Trail

• Ezra Meeker, who settled the Puyallup Valley,
  took two different trip across the Oregon Trail
  and mapped, named locations, and placed memorials
  along the way.

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Missionaries

• Mostly Methodist and Catholic Missionaries.
• Came to spread Christianity to the Natives, and
  to help the settlers.
• Catholic Missionaries were more successful in
  converting Natives

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Missionaries/Jason Lee
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Missionaries/Jason Lee

• First missionary to arrive in Oregon, 1833.
• McLoughlin told him to settle in the Willamette
  Valley
• Lee started the community of Salem
• Took a second trip out East and led a group of
  settlers to Oregon the event is called The Great
  Reinforcement.
• Was removed by the church for failure

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Missionaries/Marcus and Narcissa Whitman

• First to come by covered wagon on the Oregon
  Trail Narcissa first non-native woman to cross
  the continent 1836.
• Marcus made a trip out west without Narcissa to
  meet John McLoughlin and to scout for the best
  spot.
• The Whitmans settled near Walla Walla, on the
  Oregon Trail.

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Missionaries/Marcus and Narcissa Whitman
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The Whitmans

• Marcus became involved in The Great Reinforcement
  when he took several trips back east to promote
  Oregon.
• Narcissa opened up a boarding school the
  Whitmans adopted eleven children whose parents
  died on the Oregon Trail.
• The Whitmans only child drowned at the age of
  two.

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Whitman Massacre

• Causes

• Effects

• Settlers taking away land
• Measles outbreak that killed about ½ of the
  Cayuse Tribe
• Rumors of Marcus poisoning
• Failed Medicine Man must die
• Revenge of chiefs sons death
• Assimilation (Whitmans forcing farming,
  Christianity, English)
• Narcissa was rude to Natives
• Marcus a White God

• 14 Deaths, 54 hostages
• Joseph Meek leads army of settlers and begin the
  Cayuse War
• Cayuse Five Executed in Salem
• All missionaries were removed from their posts
• Settlement closed in Eastern Oregon/Washington
• Creation of Oregon and Washington Territories

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Whitman Massacre
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Whitman Massacre
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Catholic Missionaries
De Smet
Fathers Blanchet
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Catholic Missionaries

• Mother Joseph

• Catholic Missionary
• Created the Sisters of Providence who built
  schools, churches, hospitals, retirement homes,
  etc., throughout the PNW
• Mostly known today for the Providence hospitals