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Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Oregon
Country Section 2 Independence for Texas Section
3 War With Mexico Section 4 California and
Utah Visual Summary
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Chapter Intro
The Oregon Country Essential Question How did
the belief in Manifest Destiny influence western
settlement?
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Chapter Intro
Independence for Texas Essential Question Why
did Texans fight for their independence from
Mexico?
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Chapter Intro
War With Mexico Essential Question How did
Mexican lands in the West become part of the
United States?
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Chapter Intro
California and Utah Essential Question What
factors affected the settlement of California and
Utah in the West?
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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Time Line
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Chapter Preview-End
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Section 1-Essential Question
How did the belief in Manifest Destiny influence
western settlement?
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Section 1-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• joint occupation
• mountain man
• rendezvous

• emigrant
• prairie schooner
• Manifest Destiny

Academic Vocabulary

• plus
• access

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Section 1-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Adams-Onís Treaty
• Oregon Trail
• Henry Clay

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Section 1-Polling Question
Given the choice, would you prefer to work in a
factory in the North, at a farm in the South, or
as a fur trapper in the West? A. Factory in the
North B. Farm in the South C. Trapper in the West

1. A
2. B
3. C

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Section 1
Rivalry in the Northwest
Several nations claimed the Oregon Country, but
many Americans wanted the land for its access to
the Pacific Ocean.
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Section 1
Rivalry in the Northwest (cont.)

• The Oregon Country contained a vast amount of
  land west of the Rocky Mountains and north of
  California, plus much of what is today the
  Canadian province of British Columbia.

• In the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, Spain gave up
  all claims to Oregon and in 1824 Russia gave up
  all lands south of Alaska, giving Americans
  access to the Pacific Ocean.

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Section 1
Rivalry in the Northwest (cont.)

• The United States and Britain negotiated joint
  occupation of the Oregon Country in 1818.

• Mountain menfur traders who spent most of their
  time in the Rocky Mountainswere among the first
  to reach the Oregon Country.

Mountain Men, 18251840
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Section 1
Rivalry in the Northwest (cont.)

• Mountain men held an annual rendezvous in late
  summer to trade their furs with the trading
  companies for necessary goods.

Mountain Men, 18251840
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Section 1
The Oregon Country consisted of what part of the
present-day United States? A. the Northeast
B. the Northwest C. the Southeast D. the Midwest

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1
Oregon and Manifest Destiny
Many people believed that God had given the
entire continent to Americans and wanted them to
settle western land.
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Section 1
Oregon and Manifest Destiny (cont.)

• The Panic of 1837 sparked a westward movement of
  emigrants across the Oregon Trail in their
  prairie schooners.

• Newspaper editor John OSullivan coined the term
  Manifest Destiny, meaning the United States was
  destined to take over the whole continent all the
  way to the Pacific Ocean.

Oregon Country, 1846
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Section 1
Oregon and Manifest Destiny (cont.)

• Democratic candidate James Polk defeated Henry
  Clay in the presidential election of 1844 on a
  strong platform of Manifest Destiny.

• The United States and Britain set a border
  between the American and British parts of the
  Oregon Country at latitude 49 N.

Oregon Country, 1846
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Section 1
Who coined the term Manifest Destiny? A. the
mountain man B. James Polk C. Henry Clay D. John
OSullivan

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1-End
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Section 2-Essential Question
Why did Texans fight for their independence from
Mexico?
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Section 2-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• Tejano
• empresario

• decree
• annex

Academic Vocabulary

• establish
• remove

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Section 2-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Stephen F. Austin
• Antonio López de Santa Anna
• Alamo
• Sam Houston

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Section 2-Polling Question
Would you be willing to move far away from home
if you were offered free land? A. Yes B. No

1. A
2. B

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Section 2
A Clash of Cultures
People from the United States and Mexico settled
Texas.
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Section 2
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)

• Most of the people who lived in Texas were
  TejanosMexicans who claimed Texas as their
  homeand empresariospeople encouraged by the
  Spanish government to settle in Texas.

• In 1821 American Stephen F. Austin made an
  agreement with the newly independent Mexican
  government to establish a colony in Texas.

Migration to Texas
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Section 2
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)

• In 1830 the Mexican government issued a decree
  preventing Americans from settling Texas and
  discouraging trade between the United States and
  Texas.

• Stephen F. Austin tried to convince the president
  of Mexico, General Antonio López de Santa Anna,
  to remove the ban on American emigrants and make
  Texas an independent state of Mexico.

Migration to Texas
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Section 2
How did Mexico attract settlers to Texas? A. It
jailed the empresarios for keeping most of the
land in Texas for themselves. B. It removed
all taxes on American-made goods. C. It offered
land to people who agreed to settle it. D. It
agreed to allow freedom of religion.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2
The Struggle for Independence
Texans fought for their independence from Mexico.
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Section 2
The Struggle for Independence (cont.)

• The Texans organized a revolt against Santa Anna
  in 1835.

• Santa Anna marched north to San Antonio, where he
  defeated rebellious Texans at the Alamo.
• Texan leaders declared independence from Mexico
  on March 2, 1836, naming Sam Houston as
  commander in chief of the Texan forces.

Texas War for Independence, 18351836
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Section 2
The Struggle for Independence (cont.)

• After a major defeat at the Battle of San
  Jacinto, Santa Anna signed a treaty recognizing
  Texan independence.

• Sam Houston was elected president of the new
  republic and asked the United States to annex
  Texas, leading to its eventual statehood in 1845.

Texas War for Independence, 18351836
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Section 2
Why was the battle at the Alamo important to the
Texans? A. The tragic loss led to their overall
defeat in the war. B. Their victory at the Alamo
was the turning point of the war. C. The
Texans stand gave them much-needed time and
inspiration. D. Davy Crockett became the first
president of Texas.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2-End
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Section 3-Essential Question
How did Mexican lands in the West become part of
the United States?
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Section 3-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• rancho
• ranchero

• Californios
• cede

Academic Vocabulary

• resource
• commence

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Section 3-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Santa Fe Trail
• John C. Frémont
• Winfield Scott
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• Mexican Cession
• Gadsden Purchase

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Section 3-Polling Question
Assess your agreement with the following
statement The United States government acted
morally in its acquisition of the land of the
present-day continental United States. A. Strongly
agree B. Somewhat agree C. Somewhat
disagree D. Strongly disagree

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3
The New Mexico Territory
The Santa Fe Trail was a busy trade route from
Missouri to the large Mexican province of New
Mexico.
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Section 3
The New Mexico Territory (cont.)

• The Spanish had tried to keep Americans away from
  Santa Fe, fearing that Americans would want to
  take over the area.

Los Angeles in 1850
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Section 3
The New Mexico Territory (cont.)

• After gaining independence from Spain, the
  Mexican government welcomed American traders who
  arrived in New Mexico along the Santa Fe Trail.

The Santa Fe Trail
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Section 3
Which of these present-day states was NOT a part
of the New Mexican Territory? A. Wyoming
B. Missouri C. Utah D. Arizona

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3
Californias Spanish Culture
California was settled by Mexicans.
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Section 3
Californias Spanish Culture (cont.)

• California had been settled in the 1700s by
  missionaries from Mexico hoping to convert the
  Native Americans to Christianity.

• In 1821 California became a state in the new
  independent Mexico, and Mexican settlers set up
  huge estatescalled ranchosowned by rancheros.

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Section 3
Californias Spanish Culture (cont.)

• John C. Frémonts praise of Californias mild
  climate and abundant natural resources attracted
  Americans to the idea of making California part
  of the United States.

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Section 3
How did the rancheros treat their Native American
workers? A. Like family B. Like well-paid
employees C. Almost like slaves D. Rancheros did
not have Native Americans working on their
ranchos.

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3
War With Mexico
War broke out between the United States and
Mexico.
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Section 3
War With Mexico (cont.)

• Disagreements over New Mexico, California, and
  the Texas border strained United States relations
  with Mexico.

• War commenced when Mexican soldiers attacked
  American forces who had crossed the disputed
  border.

War with Mexico, 18461848
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Section 3
War With Mexico (cont.)

• Many Californios opposed annexation to the United
  States, but by 1847 California was fully
  controlled by the United States.
• General Winfield Scott captured Mexico City, and
  soon after the Mexican government surrendered.

War with Mexico, 18461848
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Section 3
War With Mexico (cont.)

• In the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico gave
  up Texas and agreed to the Rio Grande as the
  border between Texas and Mexico.
• In the Mexican Cession, Mexico was forced to cede
  California and New Mexico to the United States
  for 15 million.

War with Mexico, 18461848
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Section 3
War With Mexico (cont.)

• With the 10 million Gadsden Purchase of 1853 the
  U.S. mainland reached its present size.

War with Mexico, 18461848
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Section 3
Which of these was NOT part of President Polks
plan in Mexico? A. To capture Mexico City B. To
seize California C. To drive Native Americans
into Mexico D. To secure the Texan border

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 3-End
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Section 4-Essential Question
What factors affected the settlement of
California and Utah in the West?
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Section 4-Key Terms
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary

• forty-niner
• boomtown

• vigilante

Academic Vocabulary

• constitution
• incorporate

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Section 4-Key Terms
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events

• Levi Strauss
• Mormon
• Joseph Smith
• Brigham Young

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Section 4-Polling Question
If you were living in the gold rush era, would
you have traveled across the country for the
chance at great riches? A. Yes B. No

1. A
2. B

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Section 4
California Gold Rush
The discovery of gold led to rapid growth and
eventual statehood for California.
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Section 4
California Gold Rush (cont.)

• When gold was discovered in California in 1849,
  people from all over the world traveled to the
  region in search of riches.

• These forty-niners built new communities called
  boomtowns.
• The California Gold Rush more than doubled the
  worlds supply of gold however, very few
  forty-niners achieved lasting wealth.

Gold Rush Prices
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Section 4
California Gold Rush (cont.)

• Levi Strauss sold sturdy denim trousers to the
  miners, getting rich in the process.

• Mining towns were governed by vigilantes.
• California adopted a constitution and became a
  state in 1850.

Gold Rush Prices
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Section 4
Why did many Americans in the 1840s want to make
California a state? A. to convert the Native
Americans to Christianity B. to abolish the
Spanish missions C. to build ports on the
Pacific coast D. to sell Native Americans into
slavery

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 4
A Religious Refuge in Utah
The Mormons settled in Utah.
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Section 4
A Religious Refuge in Utah (cont.)

• The Mormons were founded by Joseph Smith in New
  York but eventually moved west to a land they
  called Deseret near the Great Salt Lake to escape
  persecution and find religious freedom.

• In 1848 the United States acquired the Salt Lake
  area as part of the settlement from the war with
  Mexico, and Mormon leader Brigham Young was named
  the governor of the Utah Territory.

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Section 4
A Religious Refuge in Utah (cont.)

• Utah was not easily incorporated into the United
  States as the Mormons often had conflicts with
  federal officials.

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Section 4
Mormons used irrigation to water crops
at A. Deseret B. New York City C. San
Francisco D. Boomtowns in California

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 4-End
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Figure 1
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Figure 2
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Figure 3
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Figure 4
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Figure 5
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Figure 6
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Figure 7
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Figure 8
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Vocab1
joint occupation the possession and settling of
an area shared by two or more countries
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Vocab2
mountain man a frontiersman living in the
mountain wilderness
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Vocab3
rendezvous a meeting
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Vocab4
emigrant a person who leaves a country or region
to live elsewhere
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Vocab5
prairie schooner a covered wagon used by
pioneers in cross-country travel
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Vocab6
Manifest Destiny the idea popular in the United
States during the 1800s that the country must
expand its boundaries to the Pacific
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Vocab7
plus in addition
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Vocab8
access the ability to get to
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Vocab9
Tejano a Mexican who claims Texas as his home
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Vocab10
empresario a person who arranged for the
settlement of land in Texas during the 1800s
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Vocab11
decree an order given by one in authority
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Vocab12
annex to add a territory to ones own territory
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Vocab13
establish to set up
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Vocab14
remove take away
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Vocab15
rancho huge properties for raising livestock set
up by Mexican settlers in California
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Vocab16
Californio Mexican who was one of the original
settlers of California
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Vocab17
ranchero Mexican ranch owner
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Vocab18
cede to give up by treaty
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Vocab19
resource something used by people
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Vocab20
commence to begin
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Vocab21
forty-niner person who went to California during
the gold rush of 1849
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Vocab22
boomtown a community experiencing a sudden
growth in business or population
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Vocab23
vigilantes people who take the law into their
own hands
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Vocab24
constitution a list of fundamental laws to
support a government
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Vocab25
incorporate to include
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