Second New Deal

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Second New Deal

• Chapter 15
• Secs 2-5

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The Second New Deal included new programs to
extend federal aid and stimulate the nations
economy.
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FDR launched the Second New Deal to provide
additional relief to farmers and workers.
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Helping FDR maintain popularity was his wife
Eleanor. She wanted to improve social conditions
(help poor people).
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Eleanor had great political skills. She also
reminded FDR about the suffering of poor people.
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Eleanor also urged FDR to appoint women to
government positions. Promoted womens rights.
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Second New Deal laws were aimed at conserving
soil, providing loans, and offering mortgage
relief.
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WPA-Works Progress AdminFund projects that would
create jobs.
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WPAgave 8 million people jobs. Built public
buildings constructed roads.
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Second New Deal also helped workers by setting a
national minimum wage, limiting work week,
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And requiring employers to pay overtime.
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Wagner Actrecognized workers right to organize
unions (collective bargain)
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Second New deal created Social Security. It made
payments to retirees, disabled workers,
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The unemployed, and families with dependent
children.
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It is financed by a tax (FICA) on workers and
employers.
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Finally, the Second New Deal included the Rural
Electrification Admin.
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Rural Electrification Adminprovided electrical
power in rural areas.
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Women benefited from the New Deal. Agencies did
not discriminate in hiring, giving women new
opportunities.
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FDR named the first female cabinet
secretaryFrancis Perkins (sec of Labor)
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Women still struggle against discrimination.
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Agencies and businesses did not hire women in
proportion to their numbers in the population.
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Women continued to be paid less than men.
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FDR didnt press for full civil rights for
African Americans.
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If so---fear lose support of white Southerners.
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Minority groups did back FDR because of his focus
on helping poor via jobs and direct aid.
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Indian Reorganization Actstrengthening Native
American land claims.
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FDR and Demo partyunited Southern Whites, urban
voters, African Americans, and union workers.
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New Deal laws made it easier for workers to
unionize. Union membership increases 3-10
million.
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Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)Mine
workers and Auto Workers split from American
Federation Labor (AFL)
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CIOrepresent all skilled/unskilled workers in a
given industry.
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Motion pictures, radio, art, and literature
blossomed during the New Deal.
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90 houses have radios. 65 people went to
movies once a week.
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Families typically gathered by their radio each
evening to hear their favorite shows.
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FDR addressed the nation in his fireside chats .
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Art and literature very serious. Some critical
of American society. Other so importance of
strong values and character.
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Federal Arts Projectpaid artists to create
posters, murals, and other public works of art.
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Federal Writers Projectgov. funds writers to
create written works.
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John SteinbeckNovel called the Grapes of Wrath.
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Story of Oklahoma Dust Bowl farmers, their
struggles, and trip to California where hardships
continued.
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The New Deal affected American society not only
in the 1930s, but also in the decades that
followed.
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By 1937, economy recovered to make some think
Depression was over.
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FDR cut back the New Deal, and economy again fell
back down.
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Conservatives say FDR made federal government
grow too large and extended it too much into
everyday life.
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Liberals said the New Deal didnt go far enough
in restructuring the economy and wealth.
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Supporters say FDR managed a good balance between
preserving the existing economic system and
reforming it.
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New Deal did expand the power of the Federal
Government.
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It relieved suffering of many people. It boosted
rights of workers to unionize.
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Wagner act set standards for wages, hours, and
allowed workers to Unionize.
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National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)mediates
union-company disputes.
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It aided farmers by creating price supports that
remained for decades.
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Many banking and finance reforms began under New
Deal are still around.
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Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)monitors
stock market.
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(FDIC)insures bank deposits up to 100,000.
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Federal Reserve SystemDivided nation into 12
districts each have gov controlled bank.
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Gov. banks serve other banks in district.
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Federal Reserve banks issue new paper currency
transfer fund to member banks in trouble.
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System serves as the basis of the nations
banking system.
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The longest-lasting New Deal programs are Social
Security and the creation of Tennessee Valley
Authority.
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Social SecurityOld age insurance unemployment
compensation aid to disabled aid to families
with dependent children.
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Social security paid for by tax (FICA) on workers
and employers.
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TVAbuild dams to generate electricity prevent
floods. Create jobs.