Chapter 16 THE NEW DEAL

1
Chapter 16 THE NEW DEAL

• Section 1 Restoring Hope
• Section 2 New Challenges
• Section 3 Life in the New Deal Era
• Section 4 The New Deal and the Arts

2
Objectives
Section 1 Restoring Hope

• How did the New Deal provide relief for the
  unemployed?
• How did the New Deal promote industrial and
  agricultural recovery?
• What were the New Deal goals for the Tennessee
  Valley region?
• How did the Roosevelt administration address the
  concerns of African Americans and American
  Indians?

3
New Deal relief for the unemployed
Section 1 Restoring Hope

• The FERA provided direct federal aid.
• The CWA created jobs such as raking leaves and
  picking up litter.
• The CCC put young men to work in parks and
  forests.

4
New Deal contributions to industrial and
agricultural recovery
Section 1 Restoring Hope

• NIRA passed to stimulate business activity and
  reduce unemployment
• PWA initiated public works projects.
• NRA encouraged businesses to draw up codes to
  regulate hours, prices, production levels, and
  wages.
• Agricultural Adjustment Act created the
  Agricultural Adjustment Administration, which
  paid farmers subsidies to grow less.

5
New Deal goals for the Tennessee Valley region
Section 1 Restoring Hope

• provide flood control and combat soil erosion
• provide electricity and improve the standard of
  living
• combat malaria
• combat illiteracy
• provide recreational facilities

6
The New Deal and African Americans
Section 1 Restoring Hope

• African Americans were appointed to government
  posts.
• Federal Council on Negro Affairs was established.
• Mrs. Eleanor Roosevelt resigned her membership in
  the DAR and arranged for Marian Anderson to sing
  at the Lincoln Memorial to protest DAR actions.

7
The New Deal and American Indians
Section 1 Restoring Hope

• John Collier was appointed as commissioner of
  Indian Affairs.
• The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 was passed.

8
Objectives
Section 2 New Challenges

• What were the criticisms aimed at the New Deal?
• How did the Second New Deal enable President
  Roosevelt to win re-election easily in 1936?
• How did Roosevelt try to prevent the Supreme
  Court from overturning his programs?
• How did the Second New Deal benefit labor and
  agriculture?
• What was Roosevelts recession, and what effect
  did it have?

9
Criticism of the New Deal
Section 2 New Challenges

• claims that the New Deal was destroying the
  Constitution and free enterprise
• accusations of irresponsible ravings against
  millionaires and businessmen
• desire for pensions for Americans over 60
• desire for government to nationalize banks and
  return to the silver standard
• desire for the Share-Our-Wealth program

10
The Second New Deal and Roosevelts re-election
in 1936
Section 2 New Challenges

• included a broad range of programs, such as the
  WPA, the NYA, the Social Security Act, the REA,
  and the Revenue Act of 1935
• won FDR support from many different Americans,
  including African Americans, farmers, labor union
  members, unemployed workers, and many Republicans

11
Roosevelt and the Supreme Court
Section 2 New Challenges

• Roosevelt attempted to prevent the Supreme Court
  from overturning his programs by asking Congress
  for the power to appoint one new justice for each
  justice over 70 years old. This was called
  packing the Court.

12
Second New Deal benefits to labor and agriculture
Section 2 New Challenges

• The Wagner-Connery Act guaranteed labors right
  to organize and bargain collectively.
• The FSA provided low-interest, long-term loans to
  help tenant farmers and sharecroppers buy land.
• The FSA also established camps providing shelter
  and medical care for migrant farmworkers.
• The AAA of 1938 authorized subsidies to farmers
  who practiced soil conservation and crop
  reduction.

13
Roosevelts recession
Section 2 New Challenges

• In response to criticism about excessive
  spending, FDR reduced relief programs and
  public-works projects.
• Recession occurred factories closed and
  unemployment rose.
• In response, FDR and Congress increased
  government spending.
• As a result, unemployment declined and production
  increased.

14
Objectives
Section 3 Life in the New Deal Era

• What were the effects of the Dust Bowl?
• How did the New Deal agencies use photography to
  promote their goals?
• How effective was the New Deal in ending the
  Great Depression?

15
Effects of the Dust Bowl
Section 3 Life in the New Deal Era

• Many farmers lost their land.
• Dust Bowl farmers migrated west in search of work
  harvesting crops.
• Migrants to the West Coast faced stiff
  competition for jobs.

16
Use of photography to promote New Deal goals
Section 3 Life in the New Deal Era

• New Deal workers hoped that photographs of
  suffering Americans would arouse support for the
  New Deal attempts at relief.
• Photographs were used in government pamphlets.
• Photographs illustrating the work of the
  government were published in magazines.

17
The New Deals effectiveness
Section 3 Life in the New Deal Era

• not completely effective in ending the Great
  Depression
• provided jobs and improved peoples sense of
  self-worth
• helped modernize the South
• broke down class barriers
• brought electricity to rural areas
• boosted family incomes so children could stay in
  school

18
Objectives
Section 4 The New Deal and the Arts

• How did Federal Project Number One aid writers
  and artists?
• What common themes emerged in the novels, films,
  and plays of the New Deal Era?
• How did music evolve in the 1930s?
• What subject matter influenced American painters
  in the 1930s?

19
Federal Project Number One
Section 4 The New Deal and the Arts

• The Federal Writers Project hired writers to
  produce a number of works.
• The Federal Theater Project hired theater artists
  to produce plays.
• The Federal Music Project hired musicians to
  present musical productions.
• The Federal Arts Project hired artists and
  designers to paint murals, produce posters, and
  teach art.

20
Common themes in novels during the New Deal Era
Section 4 The New Deal and the Arts

• poverty and economic chaos
• depression-era experiences of ethnic minorities

21
Common themes in films during the New Deal Era
Section 4 The New Deal and the Arts

• escapist themes
• exploration of social issues

22
Common themes in plays during the New Deal Era
Section 4 The New Deal and the Arts

• labor and class struggles
• upper-class greed
• traditional American values

23
Evolution of music in the 1930s
Section 4 The New Deal and the Arts

• use of folk songs and folktales
• popularization of country music, gospel music,
  jazz, and swing

24
Influences on American painters
Section 4 The New Deal and the Arts

• Jacob Lawrence African American heroes
• Georgia OKeeffe the southwestern landscape
• the regionalists rural United States
• Grandma Moses folk art