Systems of the Body

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Systems of the Body

• The Muscular System

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Functions of the Muscular System
Movement
Stability
Control of body openings and passages
Communication
Heat production
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Three types of muscle

• Smooth involuntary control
• blood vessels, bladder

• Cardiac involuntary control
• the heart

• Skeletal voluntary control
• connect muscle to bone

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Smooth Muscle
Distinguishing fiber characteristics - short
fibers - tapered ends - not striated (stripped)
Cross-section view
Longitudinal view
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Smooth Muscle

• involuntary control controlled by the autonomic
  nervous system

digestive tract, blood vessels, most hollow
organs
Contractions are slow and rhythmical
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Cardiac Muscle
longitudinal view
Cross-section view
Distinguishing fiber characteristics - striated
fibers -
Cross-section view
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Cardiac Muscle
Only found in the heart. Obviously has a
relatively important job.
Contracts rhythmically for life without tiring
Every human heart beats approximately 100,000
times per dayfor life!
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Skeletal Muscle (striated)
Distinguishing fiber characteristics - striated
fibers - long (up to 12 inches) -
cylindrical - tapered ends
Cross-section view
longitudinal view
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Skeletal Muscle (striated)
Moves and supports the skeleton
Uses voluntary action
Skeletal muscles can only pull
Most skeletal muscles work in pairs
Movements can be rapid, explosive, powerful
Skeletal muscles tire easily
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Muscle Facts

• Muscles 40 of body weight
• Over 600 muscles in human body
• The longest muscle in the body is the sartorius,
  from the outside of the hip, down and across to
  the inside of the knee. It twists and pulls the
  thigh outwards.
• The smallest muscle in the body is the stapedius,
  deep in the ear. It is only 5mm long and thinner
  than cotton thread. It is involved in hearing.
• The biggest muscle in the body is the gluteus
  maximus, in the buttock. It pulls the leg
  backwards powerfully for walking and running.

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Muscle Trivia

• There are over 60 muscles in the face.
• Everyone smile.
• Now frown.
• Which one uses more muscles?

The frown uses 40 muscles while smiling using
only 20 muscles. So stop wasting energy and
just smile!!! ?
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What is a tendon?

• The strong, sinuous fiber that connects muscle to
  bone.

Embeds in the epimysium of the muscle and weaves
into the periosteum of the bone.
When a muscle contracts, the tendon pulls the
bone to create movement.
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Muscle Injury
Muscle strain aka pull, tear damage to the
muscle and/or its attaching tendons. Can be in
the form of tearing (full or partial) of the
muscle fibers and tendons attached to the muscle.
Can also damage small blood vessels causing
local bleeding (bruising/edema) and pain (caused
by irritation of the nerve endings in the area).
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Most commonly strained muscles

• Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus,
  Extensor Hallucis Longus
• Hamstrings
• Quadriceps
• Rotator cuff
• Pectoralis (major and minor)
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Whiplash

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Muscle strain diagnosis

• Symptoms redness, swelling, bruising (edema),
  or even open cuts as a result of injury.
• Pain at rest.
• Pain when that specific muscle is used.
  Weakness of muscle and/or tendons. Inability to
  use muscle at all.

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Muscle strain treatment

• R.I.C.E.

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• Rest Avoid activities that caused the strain.
  Rest means not using the affected muscle/joint to
  allow for the healing process.

This means sit your butt down and relax. Do not
jog. Do not pretend to pitch. Do not attempt to
sail to Cuttyhunk solo. Do not ride your bike
through the State Forest for 10 miles. Do no go
to the skate park to practice for a tournament.
REST!!!
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• Ice Apply ice to the affected area for 20
  minutes (max) every hour while awake for the
  first 48 hours after injury.
• You can use a bag of frozen peas, crush up ice
  cubes in a bag, or a reusable gel pack.
• For certain injuries ice massage is preferred.
  In that case, freeze a small plastic bottle about
  half filled with water. Use the frozen end of
  the bottle to gently massage the affected area
  for 20 minutes per hour for the first 48 hours
  after injury.
• BE CAREFUL!!! Do not lay ice directly on your
  skin. Always be sure that there is either a
  towel or clothing between you and the ice.
  Frostbite is a real danger!!! (yes, even in the
  summer)

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• Compression Apply constant, gentle compression
  with an Ace bandage (elastic bandage) or even
  spandex clothing. This will provide support for
  the injured area, help to keep swelling minimal,
  and provide slight protection as well.

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• Elevation Elevate the injured area to decrease
  swelling. By keeping the injured area above the
  level of your heart, less blood will be pumped to
  that area. This means less swelling.
• For example lay on the couch with pillows under
  your knee and a few more under your ankle for
  injuries to your leg. If your injury is on your
  arm, prop your arm up as high as you can by using
  pillows or the back of the couch or chair.
• Be creative but be smart.
• Be careful not to injure yourself further.

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Muscle strain treatment

• Another important part of treatment and recovery
  can be nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine
  like Advil or other generic ibuprofen.
• Arnica is a homeopathic remedy that may also work
  for inflammation and pain.
• WARNING Always be sure to talk to your parents
  about taking any medication. You must be sure
  that you are not allergic or taking any other
  medications that may interact.

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Muscle strain treatment

• If no improvement in 24 hours after you have
  tried proper treatment, consult a medical
  professional.
• OR
• If you hear a pop or rip at the time of
  injury consult a medical professional
  immediately. Go to the Emergency Room especially
  if there is significant swelling and/or bleeding.

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• An ounce of prevention now

is worth a pound of cure later.
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How to prevent muscle injuries

• Have a daily stretching routine even if you are
  not going to exercise. Start off the morning
  right.

Warm-up appropriately before engaging in
strenuous exercise or work.
Eat a nutritious diet. Muscles need protein to
heal as well as other nutrients to function
properly.
Drink plenty of H2O!!! Muscles need water too!!!
STAY IN SHAPE!!! Dont try to run 5 miles the
first day of practice. You are asking for
trouble!!!!
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• Who drew it?

Significance?