The Scientific Revolution

1
The Scientific Revolution

• Michael Papa
• AP Euro
• P-7

2
Scientific Thought in the Early 1500s

• Based off ideas of Aristotle
• Ideas mixed with Christian doctrines
• The earth is the center of the universe
• Science was basically a branch of theology

astrology.earthlyreturns.com
3
Causes of the Scientific Revolution

• The Renaissance stimulated science by
  rediscovering ancient mathematics
• Better ways of obtaining knowledge about the
  world, ex. telescopes and sextants
• More branches in universities, ex. astronomy and
  physics

www.robinsdocksideshop.com
4
Nicolaus Copernicus

• Polish clergyman and astronomer
• Believe the sun was the center of the universe
• The Copernican hypothesis was attacked by the
  Catholics and Protestants

blogs.discovery.com
5
Galileo Galilei

• Experimental method
• Law of Inertia- An object remains in motion,
  unless a external force acts upon it
• Telescopic observations of the moon

www.optcorp.com www.indiana.edu
6
Galileo cont.

• Imprisoned for heresy, but he recanted
• Galileos trial became a symbol of the inherent
  conflict between religious belief and scientific
  knowledge

listverse.com
7
Sir Isaac Newton

• Newton synthesized the integral parts into a
  whole
• Integrated the astronomy of Copernicus and Kepler
  with the physics of Galileo

reich-chemistry.wikispaces.com
8
Newton cont.

• He formulated a set of mathematical principles to
  explain motion
• Law of universal gravitation- everybody in the
  universe attracts every other body in the
  universe in a precise mathematical relationship

9
Tycho Brahe

• Built the most sophisticated observatory in the
  world (at that time)
• Believed the sun was the center of the universe
• Collected data about planets and stars

www.phy.olemiss.edu
10
Johannes Kepler

• Brahes assistant
• elliptical orbits of the planets around the sun
• Planets do not move at a uniform speed in their
  orbits
• The time of a complete orbit is directly related
  to the planets distance from the sun

en.wikipedia.org
11
Francis Bacon

• Argued that new knowledge had to be obtained
  through empirical, experimental research
• Empiricism- inductive reasoning

en.wikipedia.org
12
Rene Descartes

• Believed that only things that can be proven by
  reason are real
• Deductive reasoning
• Cartesian dualism- matter and mind (physical
  and spiritual)

www.worldmag.com
13
Impact on Society

• A new and expanding social group- the
  international scientific community
• Expansion of knowledge
• New ways of obtaining knowledge (scientific
  method)

ocw.mit.edu tathamgroup.wordpress.com
14
Impact on Religion

• Conflicts with religious beliefs
• Before Science was interpreted by Christian
  theologians, human beings at the center of the
  universe
• After Science was a branch of philosophy and not
  theology, Sun is the center of universe
• Church did not like the idea that science was
  beginning to take over the way people think and
  believe. Losing faith

15
Impact on Economy

• Improvements in technology facilitated overseas
  trade and helped supplement leading merchants
• Had some impact on the living standards of the
  masses (in the late 18th century)

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Inventions of the Revolution
inventors.about.com
www.britannica.com
17
Discoveries of the Revolution
historyrockscom.wordpress.com
www.kunstpedia.com
www.uk-astronomy.com
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Galileo explains his discoveries to the Pope.
www.chrismadden.co.uk