Maritime Domain Awareness Experiment

1
Maritime Domain Awareness Experiment
Hans C. Graber, Michael Mignone,
Raymond E. Turner, Benjamin Powell and Paul
Mallas
CSTARS University of Miami Miami, Florida,
USA US Department of Defense Washington, DC,
USA USAF EagleVision Ramstein, Germany
2
This experiment would not have been a
success without help from
James Snake Clark LtCol Jerry Brooks
Henri Laur Wolfgang Lengert Sergio Vazzana
Peter Ranelli Dr. Elena McCarthy
Nicolas Stussi Jean-Luc Maupeu
Art Ramirez Susan Nykoluk
Gordon Campbell
3
per the MDA CONOPS
Achieving MDA depends on an integrated,
networked and coordinated effort to monitor the
maritime domain, develop and identify trends and
differentiate anomalies. An essential MDA
task is to Persistently monitor vessels and
craft in the global maritime domain. However,
perfect knowledge of the maritime domain is
un-attainable priorities must be
established to focus efforts on the highest
priority threats or geographic areas at the
appropriate time. Massive data collection
efforts may result in information overload,
reducing decision making effectiveness.
4
Primary Experiment Objectives

• To ascertain maritime behavior patterns.
• To demonstrate the utility of near-real time
  commercial imagery in satisfying MDA wide area
  surveillance requirements.
• To provide intelligence to meet maritime
  intercept operations (MIO) timelines.

Secondary Experiment Objectives

• To demonstrate an MDA end-to-end tracking
  capability.
• To ascertain the utility of SAR ship signatures
  for maritime target classification.
• To validate SAR detections against one or more
  complimentary data sources.

5
MDA Zones
Maritime Approach
Coastal Approach
0
12 nm
24 nm
200 nm
Inland
gt 200 nm
gt 2,000 nm
Waterways and Ports
Territorial Sea
Contiguous Zone
EEZ
High Seas (Transit Zone)
- Maritime Reporting Requirement -
(lt 1 min updates)
(lt 30 second update interval)
6
North Atlantic/Mediterranean Sea Tracking
Scenario-Persistent Surveillance-

• Demonstrate our ability to
• Detect
• Classify
• Identify
• Track
• Employ commercial sensors as primary source
• Minimize collection tasking, acquisition,
  exploitation and reporting timelines
• Results to decision makers within zone reporting
  requirement lt4 hrs

7
Satellite Collectors

• European Space Agency
• ENVISAT (with ARTEMIS data relay)
• ERS-2
• MDA Geospatial Services
• RADARSAT-1
• SpotImage
• SPOT 2
• SPOT 4
• SPOT 5
• FormoSat-2
• NASA
• MODIS on Aqua
• MODIS on Terra

8
Maritime Surveillance Concept
ERS 2 25m
RADARSAT 8.0m 30m
FormoSat 2 2.0m
SPOT 2/4/5 2.5-20m
Envisat-ASAR 30m
Network of Ground Stations
Intelligence Support Centers
Reporting
Downlink
Process
9
Data Flow between Network of Ground Stations
10
Network of Ground Stations
11
Operations Center
Lajes Airbase, Terceira, Azores, Portugal
EagleVision-1

• Collection planning
• Satellite Task Plan submission
• Collection coordination with other ground
  stations
• Data transfer
• Remote processing
• Analysis and evaluation
• Sponsored by 65th CS/CC

Operations Center
12
Total Collection for MDA Experiment
Total Scenes Collected NURC - LaSpezia, Italy
243 EV-1 Lajes, Azores 581 CSTARS
Miami, FL, USA 400 ARTEMIS Frascati,
Italy 216 MasPalomas Canary Is., Spain
106
Total of Scenes 1,546
Total area coverage 14.14 Million km2
Equivalent to 1.5 times size of USA
13
OceanViewTM Capabilities

• Ship Detection and Analysis Software
  jointly developed by CSTARS and
  Vexcel/Microsoft
• Multi-satellite sensor
• Multi-frequency
• Cueing of short and long-term targets
• Advanced target simulation and classification
• Environmental conditions (i.e. sea state, winds
  and currents)
• Projection of target advance (i.e. next sat obs)
• Optimized target identification
• Wake analysis
• Java-based display and accessible over internet
  and independent of computing platform

14
OceanViewTM
Products and Performance

• Ship detection includes (maritime vessels)
• Near Real-Time (e.g. lt 60 minutes info at user)
• Utilization of readily available commercial
  satellite data (both SAR and EO, multi
  frequencies, different resolutions)
• Automated or semi-automated process
• Schedulable (e.g. setup standing order)
• Ship analysis (size, type, heading, speed)
• Ship prediction (future location, next available
  observation opportunity)
• NATO Standard Gold OTH report
• Ship Chip XML and HTML message

15
OceanViewTM SAR Detections
Overall 1,400 hits Most have been validated
16
OceanViewTM Chips
Enhanced chip Red bridge
Yellow center structure and bow mast
ENVISAT ASAR IS4
Longitude 73.96118 W Latitude 40.45941
N Length (m) 291.55
17
Gibraltar 17 September 2006
From AISLive Container ship CSCL New York
Length 290 m Beam 32 m
Speed 16.8 kts Heading 262o Destination
Halifax
FormoSat-2 panchromatic 2 m
resolution
18
SPOT Collection 24 thru 27 September
2006 -With ship detections-
19
SPOT 2/4 Collection
581 scenes captured in near-real time via
EagleVision-1 13 ships detected
20
SAR Signatures
ERS-2 22 SEP 2006 025441
ENVISAT 22 SEP 2006 022602 UTC
Speed 16.2 kts
Mode WideScan Incidence Angle 32.5 deg
Resolution 27.5 m
Mode Stripmap Incidence Angle 23.5 deg
Resolution 24.5 m
Longitude -73.6104 Latitude 39.58934
Longitude -73.64734 Latitude 39.71294
21
ENVISAT Collection with Ship Detections 17 21
September 2006
22
Suez Canal 19 Sept 2006
SPOT 2
From AISLive Cargo Ship Lahore Express
Length 260 m Beam 32 m Speed 8.9
kts Heading 0o Destination New York
ETA 30 October 2006 ?? Correction ETA 03
October 2006
23
Lahore Express enters Mediterranean 19
September 2006
24
Possible Lahore Express Detections
20 September 2006
Velocity Ranges for these vessel detections are
14.5 to 16.8 knots
25
Possible Lahore Express Detections (traveling
westward)
Chip 2
Chip 3
Chip 5
Chip 4
26
Possible Lahore Express Detections 21
September 2006
2 candidate detections from Sep. 20 collection
27
Possible Lahore Express Detections 21
September 2006
2 candidate detections from Sep. 20 collection
ENVISAT Collection Swath 21 September Beam Mode
IS3 Pol HH with 10 detections
28
Four Ships from 21 September Collection
29
Possible Lahore Express Detections - A
Comparison -
20 September Detections
21 September Detections
Chip 4
Chip 2
Chip 2
Chip 9
Chip 10
Chip 5
30
Summary

• Experiment objectives met
• - Surveillance via commercial sensors feasible
• - SAR Signature utility demonstrated
• - Persistence demonstrated
• Data analysis ongoing
• Lots of room for improvement..
• - Technical issues
• - Logistical challenges

31
Vielen Dank
Grazie Molto
Thank You
Mahalo
Muchas Gracias
Merci
Obrigado