Psychoanalytic Theory

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Psychoanalytic Theory

• Kate, Niki, Katie, Jake, Amal

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What is Psychoanalysis?

• psychoanalysis      sahy-koh-uh-nal-uh-sis
  
• noun
• 1.a systematic structure of theories concerning
  the relation of conscious and unconscious
  psychological processes.
• 2.a technical procedure for investigating
  unconscious mental processes and for treating
  psychoneuroses. (dictionary.com)
• In other words. Psychoanalysis is when someone
  evaluates someone else and figures out treatment
  for a mental illness.
• Psychoanalysis- transference and resistance
  analysis of free association.

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Dreams Dream Symbols

• During our sleep our unconscious is free to
  release our fears that we try to hide away.
• Phallic Symbols- Male imagery in a dream (towers,
  rockets, guns, arrows, and swords).
• Female Imagery- caves, rooms, walled in gardens,
  cups, enclosures or containers, milk, and fruit.
• Dreams about water- usually mean that you are
  dreaming about your sexuality or the realm of
  emotions. Dreams about water but also have to do
  with relationships with our moms, because water
  is a female imagery.
• Dreams about buildings- may have to do with a
  relationship with yourself, the attic or basement
  as your unconscious.
• If a dream becomes to threatening we will almost
  always wake up.
• If nightmares start to occur while you are awake
  that is the breakdown of defenses, or if the
  hidden truth of comes out before your conscious
  cant disguise or handle that is caused crisis or
  trauma.

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Dreams Dream Symbols Terms

• Latent Content- dreams underlying meaning
• Dream displacement- occurs when we use a safe
  person, event, or object as a stand in.
• Condensation- occurs during the dream when we use
  a dream image or event to represent more than
  what it actually is.
• Primary Revision- what the process of
  Displacement and Condensation are called.
• Manifest Content- what we actually dream once
  primary revision has disguised the unconscious
  message.
• Secondary Revision- the process that takes place
  when we are awake and trying to interpret our
  dreams.
• To interpret dreams accurately first you need to
  know over time what certain things in your dream
  represent
• Most dreams about children almost always reveal
  something about our feelings towards ourselves,
  or the child that is still in us.

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The Defense

• Defense is the process were we keep the hidden
  repressed in order to avoid knowing what we feel
  we cant handle knowing
• Fear of intimacy is the fear of emotional
  involvement with another human being which cause
  us to keep emotional distances in relationships
• By not letting your self get too close to
  someone, allows us to protect ourselves from
  painful past experiences that intimate
  relationships bring up
• By having more than one romantic or sexual
  partner, keeps oneself to busy to spend time with
  family and friends. That is one way to maintain
  an emotional distance from loved ones

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The Defense Terms

• Selective perception hearing and seeing only
  what we feel we can handle
• Selective memory modifying our memories so that
  we dont feel overwhelmed by them or forgetting
  painful events entirely
• Denial believing that the problem doesnt exist
  or the unpleasant incident never happened
• Avoidance staying away from people or situations
  that are liable to make us anxious by stirring up
  some unconscious experience or emotion
• Displacement taking it out on someone or
  something less threatening than the person who
  caused the hurt or anger
• Projection ascribing our fear, problem, or
  guilty desire to someone else in order to deny
  that we have it ourselves
• Regression the temporary return to a former
  psychological state

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Unconscious

• Not knowing about a problem or if you do know
  about a problem, not realizing when it is
  influencing your behavior is what give the
  unconscious so much control.
• Another part of the unconscious is the humans are
  motivated and driven by desires, fears, needs,
  and conflicts.
• Until you find a way to know and acknowledge to
  yourself the true causes of your repressed
  wounds, fears, guilty desires, and unresolved
  conflicts, you will hang onto them in a
  disguised, distorted, and self-defeating ways.
• Family- is a very important in this theory
  because everyone is a product of the role that
  they are in the family-complex.
• Birth of the unconscious is the way you perceive
  your place in your family.
• Everyone goes through these experiences and they
  are a natural and healthy part of maturing and
  establishing our own identities.

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Unconscious Terms

• Unconscious- a storehouse of those painful
  experiences and emotions, those wounds, fears,
  guilty desires, and unresolved conflicts we do
  not want to know about because of the
  overwhelming feeling the will cause.
• Repression- the expunging from consciousness of
  unhappy psychological events.
• Oedipal Conflict- competition with the parent of
  the same gender for the attention and affection
  of the parent of the opposite gender.

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Theories Great Gatsby

• The Fear of Intimacy and Romantic Relationship
• Psycho analytics in romantic relationship are
  less of the apparent romances(Gatsby Daisy),
  but in the ways in which it mirrors all of the
  less appealing romantic relationship.
  (Tom/Daisy Myrtle/Tom Myrtle/George
  Nick/Jordan)
• Toms relationship with women including his wife
  reveals his desire for ego gratis faction rather
  than for emotional intimacy
• This shows that he doesnt care about other
  peoples feelings and that he is only there
  because he is luck self-confidence, meaning hes
  not secure
• Taking our anger out in to someone or something
  else
• Example how Gatsby always takes his anger to Tom
  instead of taking the anger to Daisy who left him
  for money from the first place
• Mr. Wilson took his anger out to Gatsby by
  killing him

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Theories Great Gatsby

• Through the eyes of psychoanalytic reading, drama
  can be thought of as a dysfunctional love.
• Which can be thought of as a fear of intimacy
• Why do people have the fear of intimacy?
• Lack of self confidence
• Jealousy
• Greed
• Looking to uphold what they think is right
• Who fears intimacy?
• Tom Daisy
• Nick Jordan
• Myrtle Tom
• Myrtle Wilson
• Though each person may not fear intimacy, the
  relationship between each of them does

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Examples-Tom

• Tom, being a two-timing man, experiences great
  intimacy issues through his life. One of his
  first concerns is Gatsby. He fears that Gatsby
  could take Daisy now that he has money and
  everything to support her. He knows that he loves
  her and that a relationship between the two is
  very possible. Thus, he must show off his car,
  house, and stuff to friends and Daisy to show
  that he is the better man
• He has an affair with Myrtle because she
  reinforces that he is the man, that he is
  important and he is the best.
• Daisy acts as his social mistress because of her
  looks, body, charm, and face. However he loves
  being with Myrtle because of his knowledge that
  she will make him feel good

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Example- Daisy

• Being with Tom has made Daisy extremely
  self-conscious, thus making her fear intimacy
• She knows that she loves Tom, she is married to
  him and he loves her back. However there are
  many problems that arise with their relationship.
  Daisy knowing that Tom is sleeping around, feels
  self-insecure of their marriage. She then thinks
  that it is ok to do the same. She finds a way
  with her first love, Gatsby. With money and pure
  love for Daisy, he seems to be the perfect fit
  but she still loves Tom, creating havoc and
  disorder that makes Daisy self-conscious and
  feared of intimacy.

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Historical People Associated with Theory/
Influence

• "Look into the depths of your own soul and learn
  first to know yourself, then you will understand
  why this illness was bound to come upon you and
  perhaps you will thenceforth avoid falling ill."
• -Sigmund Freud
• Sigmund Freud- The founder of psychoanalysis.
  (unconscious mind)
• "The father of psychoanalysis"
• Founded three theories of personality
• 1) Topographic model- map of the human mind
  (unconscious, preconscious, and the conscious).
  Patients exhibited what he described as a
  defense, unconscious feelings and ideas out of
  awareness.
• 2) Genetic model- theory of personality
  categorizing human biological instincts. (Stages
  of life- children can become developmentally
  fixated or stuck, leads to psychopathology.)
• 3) Structural model- detailed psychic map of
  human mind. (Id, ego, and superego.) Humanity is
  in a constant struggle between primitive impulses
  and social civility. (Freud).
• He explored peoples personalities. He also
  examined patients with a free association and
  dream analysis.

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Other Historical People Involved

• Donald Woods Winnitcott questioned Freudian
  concept of intra- psychic forces primarily
  affecting an individual. He practiced as a
  psychoanalyst. He worked with psychologically
  disturbed children and their mothers. He believes
  that the mother provides the framework for if the
  children will have problems later on in life.

Winnitcotts book where he focused on children
and their future problems.
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Other Historical People Involved

• Edith Jacobson a German psychoanalyst who tried
  to understand depression. Jacobson revised
  Freuds structural model of personality.
  Jacobson concluded the assimilation of feeling
  states plays an integral part in the emotional
  maturation of a child. (Jacobson). Jacobson also
  revised Freuds ideas pertaining to super ego.
  She believed that super ego had to do solely with
  peoples life experiences with others. She
  believes a lot has to do with peoples pasts.

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Other Historical People Involved

• Harry Stack Sullivan Sullivan studied
  interpersonal psychoanalysis. He concentrated on
  peoples pasts to understand psychoanalogy. He
  observed peoples actions to determine
  conclusions. He focused mostly on patients
  relationships.

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The End