Title: Identification and Location Services ILS
1Identification and Location Services (ILS)
- Mark L. Younge P.E.
- ATIS GSC Delegation
2Identification and Location Services (ILS)
- Overview
- Location Based Services (LBS)
- Wireless Emergency Services (WES)
- Technology Architecture
- Positioning Technologies
- ILS Standards Specifications
3Identification and Location Services (ILS)
- Definition
- ILS is a suite of wireless mobility services
aimed at providing the location and other
information of a mobile subscriber (target) to an
ILS subscriber(s) (client) to provide and/or
augment commercial and public services. - Note the ILS subscriber may also be the ILS
client - Why ILS
- Because you have to (Regulatory Mandate)
- Competitive differentiation by providing highly
personalized services based on the location and
preferences of the subscriber and client - ILS Components
- Location Based Services/Applications (LBS)
- Technology Architecture
4Location Based Services
- Location based information
- Personalized push/pull information services based
on subscribers proximity to certain locations
(e.g. Restaurants, retail stores, movie theaters,
etc.) - Location sensitive billing
- Rate plans based on proximity to home or work
- Emergency services
- The subscribers position is given to public
service in order to dispatch on site emergency
assistance (e.g. medical, fire, rescue, etc.) - Tracking
- Monitoring the location and route of the
subscriber in real time (e.g. transportation,
security, surveillance, etc.)
5Wireless Emergency Services (WES)
- US Mandate for WES
- Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Order
94-102 requires - Phase 0, October 1, 1997 - All 911 calls to be
delivered to Public Safety Answer Points (PSAP)
including non-initialized mobile devices - Phase I, April 1, 1998 - Provide a call back
number and location data to PSAP - Phase II October 1, 2001 - Provide caller
location within 125 meters 67 of the time based
on a root mean square (RMS) average - Phase II (to be phased in over a 4 year period)
- Handset based - 50 meters 67 of the time, 150
meters 95 of the time - Network based - 100 meters 67 of the time, 300
meters 95 of the time - Hybrid - 50 meters 67 of the time, 150 meters
95 of the time
22/11/2009
6LBS Technology Architecture
- Positioning
- Probabilistic determination of spatial
coordinates of a target - Geographic Information Systems
- Tools to provision and administer base map data
such as man made structures (streets, buildings)
and terrain (mountains, rivers) - Manage point-of-interest data such as location of
gas stations, restaurants, nightclubs, etc. - Information about the radio frequency
characteristics of the mobile network - Location Management Function
- Processes positioning and GIS data on behalf of
LBS applications - Gateway and mediator between positioning
equipment and LBS infrastructure
7Positioning Methods
- Network-based Mobile Positioning Technology -
Position of target determined in the mobile
network - Mobility signaling information
- Position Determination Equipment/Location
Management Unit (PDE/LMU) - Handset-based Mobile Positioning Technology -
Position of target determined by terminal - Global Positioning System
- MAP and radio propagation data processed by a
positioning algorithm in the terminal
8Network-based Mobile Positioning
- SS7/Mobile IN Technologies for Positioning -
leverage the SS7 and IN network to obtain
location, especially for mid-call/session
position updates - SS7 message may contain the cell of origin (COO)
or cell ID of the corresponding cell site
currently serving the user - GSM MAP Any Time Interrogation (ATI)
- ANSI-41 Position Request (PosReq) messages
respectively for positioning - LBS application can be middle-ware as an Service
Control Function (SCF) launching a message (MAP
ATI or PosReq) to the HLR for position
information. The HLR may respond with approximate
information (such as the COO) or more precise
information (such as TA or NMR as in the case
with GSM).
9Network-based Mobile Positioning
- Angle of Arrival (AOA)
- Angle of received signal from handset
- Requires adaptive antenna technology
- Time of Arrival (TOA)
- Timing Advance (TA) or Round Trip Timing (RTT)
from handset - Radio Propagation Techniques
- Level of received signal vs. Position determine
previously determined mapping of the radio
frequency (RF) characteristics of cell area - Hybrid Methods
- Use the best of AOA, TOA, and RF to provide
improved positioning -
10SS7/Mobile IN Technologies for Positioning
Cell coverage area"Service area"
Sector
MS
Base station
Base station coverage
11Angle of Arrival (AOA)
Cell coverage area"Service area"
Sector
AOA
Up Link Signal
MS
Base station
Base station coverage
12Angle of Arrival (AOA)
Cell coverage area"Service area"
Sector
AOA
Multi-path
Multi-path
MS
Base station
Base station coverage
13Time of Arrival (TOA)
Sector
Timing Advance
MS
Base station
Base station coverage
14Up Link Time Difference of Arrival U-TDOA
Hyperbolic Trilateration
SDCCH, TCH -ToA
SDCCH, TCH -ToA
MS
15Radio Propagation Techniques
16Hybrid AOA TOA
Cell coverage area"Service area"
Sector
AoA
Timing Advance
MS
Base station
Base station coverage
17Handset-based Mobile Positioning
- Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD)
- Round Trip Timing (RTT) derived TOA from 3 base
stations - Idle Period Downlink OTD Of Arrival IPDL-OTDOA
- Trilateration of UTRAN frame timing to/from 3
base stations - Enhanced/Advanced Forward Link Trilateration
(E/AFLT) - Trilateration of CDMA messages from base stations
-
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
- GPS receiver in handset
- Assisted GPS (A-GPS)
- Additional network equipment deployed to
calculate and relay relative position along with
satellite GPS information to the handset.
18Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD)
Round Trip Timing
Round Trip Timing
Round Trip Timing
MS
19IPDL-OTDOA
Hyperbolic Trilaleration
UTRAN SFN-SFN OTD
UTRAN SFN-SFN OTD
20Enhanced/Advanced FLT
Hyperbolic Trilaleration
21Hyperbolic Trilaleration
di - dj c (Dti - Dtj)
22The Global Positioning System
ephemeris, almanac, clock...
ephemeris, almanac, clock...
ephemeris, almanac, clock...
MS
Base station
GPS Ground Station
23The GPS Problem
ephemeris, almanac, clock...
MS
Base station
GPS Ground Station
24Assisted GPS (A-GPS)
ephemeris, almanac, clock...
ephemeris, almanac, clock...
DGPS, timing, xyz
Base station
MS
GPS Reference Receiver
GPS Ground Station
25Summary of Positioning Technologies
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26ILS/LCS Standards
- GSM Stage 1
- TS 02.71 LCS Stage 1
- GSM Stage 2
- TS 03.59 LCS GERAN
- TS 03.71 LCS Functional description
- GSM Stage 3
- TS 04.30 LCS Supplementary service operations
- TS 04.31 LCS Mobile Station (MS) - Serving
Mobile Location Centre (SMLC) Radio Resource LCS
Protocol (RRLP) - TS 04.35 LCS Broadcast network assistance for
Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD) and
Global Positioning System (GPS) positioning
methods - TS 04.71 LCS Mobile radio interface layer 3
specification - TS 09.31 LCS Base Station System Application
Part LCS Extension (BSSAP-LE)
27ILS/LCS Standards
- 3GPP Stage 1
- TS 22.071 LCS Functional description
- 3GPP Stage 2
- TS 23.171 LCS Functional description (UMTS)
- TS 23.271 LCS Functional description
- TR 23.835 Study into applicability of Galileo in
LCS - TR 23.871 Enhanced support for user privacy in
LCS - 3GPP Stage 3
- TS 24.030 LCS Supplementary service operations
- 3GPP2
- IS-801 Position Determination Service Standard
for Dual - Mode Spread Spectrum Systems
- IS-801A Assisted GPS A-GPS
-
28WES/LBS Standards
- PCS 1900/CDMA
- J-STD-036-A-2002 Enhanced Wireless 9-1-1 Phase 2
incorporates a mobile positioning center (MPC)
that would provide the location manager
middle-ware function for WES as well as
commercial based LBS.
29Acknowledgements
- Margaret Livingston, Nokia
- Mobile in a Minute
- Openwave
- Fall Creek Consultants
- True Position
- Manifest Technology
- Universal Wireless Communications Communications
Consortium (UWC)