Swine Youth Challenge

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Swine Youth Challenge

• February 7, 2003
• Ohio Pork Congress
• Dayton, Ohio

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Identifying and Preventing Disease Losses

• Gary L. Bowman
• Extension Veterinarian - Swine

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Why do we care about preventing diseases in pigs?
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• Some die of their disease(s).
• A dead pig robs the owner for the opportunity to
  sell the pig.

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• Some die of their disease.
• Sick pigs dont grow as well.
• Feed efficiency
• Days to market
• ADG

One day of scours adds 5 days to market.
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For a 100-sow farrow-to-finish herd

• Increasing the pigs weaned/sow/year by one pig
  increases the potential profit by 8,000.
• Decreasing the average days to market by one day
  saves 1,000 per year.

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Why do we care about preventing diseases in pigs?

• Some die of their disease.
• Sick pigs dont grow as well.
• Diseases mean extra expense to owner.
• Cost of medication
• Labor to give medication

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Why do we care about preventing diseases in pigs?

• The use of antibiotics increases the risk of
  resistant organisms.
• Antibiotics often become less effective in
  treating infections in animals the more they are
  used.

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Why do we care about preventing diseases in pigs?

• The use of antibiotics increases the risk of
  resistant organisms.
• Antibiotics often become less effective in
  treating infections in animals the more they are
  used.
• Antibiotics become less effective in treating
  infections in people.

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If it is agreed that it is advantageous to
prevent diseases, then

• Are the preventive measures specific to the
  disease?
• If so,
• How do we go about identifying the diseases?

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Diseases

• Clinical Disease - animals show obvious signs of
  disease.

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Diseases

• Sub-clinical Disease - animal is infected but
  does not shows obvious signs of disease. Need a
  test or special exam to find.

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Which is more difficult to identify?
Clinical Disease Sub-clinical Disease
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Which is more difficult to identify?

• Sub-clinical Disease

More than 65 of the hogs marketed through the
2001 Ohio State Fair had their livers condemned
because of roundworm scars.
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Which costs the pork industry more?

• Clinical Disease
• Sub-clinical Disease

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Which costs the pork industry more?

• Sub-clinical Disease

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Common swine diseases

• Colibacillosis
• Coccidiosis
• Salmonellosis
• TGE
• Dysentery
• Atrophic rhinitis
• Swine Influenza
• PRRS

• Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia
• Haemophilus parasuis
• Mycoplasma pneumonia
• Roundworms
• Whipworms
• Lice
• Mange

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Identifying diseases

• Clinical signs
• Fever
• Off feed
• Breathing hard
• Coughing
• Diarrhea
• Convulsions
• Records
• ADG
• Water use

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Identifying diseases

• Clinical signs
• Gross lesions

Atrophic rhinitis
Mycoplasma pneumonia
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Identifying diseases

• Gross lesions

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Ways to Identify Diseases

• Laboratory Diagnosis - bacterial culture

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Ways to Identify Diseases

• Laboratory Diagnosis - microscopic pathology

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Ways to Identify Diseases

• Laboratory Diagnosis - serology

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Ways to Identify Diseases

• Laboratory Diagnosis - molecular analysis

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Once the disease is identified, more specific
preventive measures can be implemented

• Vaccination of sows pre-farrowing
• Early weaning
• Medication of sows prefarrowing
• Cleaning and disinfecting
• Deworming sows
• Deworming piglets

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Preventing disease

• But at what price?

Germ-free or gnotobiotic pigs
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(No Transcript)
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Minimize Losses with Practical Disease Prevention

• Use good biosecurity practices to minimize
  disease problems.
• Try to keep out the problem in the first place.

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Minimize Losses with Practical Disease Prevention

• Use good biosecurity practices to minimize
  disease problems.
• Recognize the presence of disease.

Routine monitoring
Clinical signs
Records
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Minimize Losses with Practical Disease Prevention

• Use good biosecurity practices to minimize
  disease problems.
• Recognize the presence of disease.
• Identify the problem.
• Laboratory support often needed.

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Minimize Losses with Practical Disease Prevention

• Use good biosecurity practices to minimize
  disease problems.
• Recognize the presence of disease.
• Identify the problem.
• Develop a specific control program.
• Vaccination
• Early weaning
• Off-spring segregation
• All-in/all-out pig flow

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Minimize Losses with Practical Disease Prevention

• Use good biosecurity practices to minimize
  disease problems.
• Recognize the presence of disease.
• Identify the problem.
• Develop a specific control program.
• Use management strategies rather than antibiotics
  wherever possible.
• Cleaning and disinfecting
• Multiple-site production, AIAO

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In Summary

• 1. Monitor to recognize when a disease is
  present.
• 2. Identify the disease.
• 3. Take appropriate disease-specific measures to
  prevent, eliminate, or control the problem to
  reduce disease losses.