WARNING!!!

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WARNING!!!

• Graphic Crime scene/autopsy photography today!
• Prepare yourself anyway you must.

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Juvenile Offenders

• How do we separate normal juvenile nuisance
  offending from real criminals?
• Not always easy
• Severity of crime
• Chronicity of criminal intent
• rationalizations
• low attachment
• fantasies of criminal behavior
• FBI profile of juvenile offenders
• sociological variables
• personality variables remain strongest predictors

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I was holding it for a friend

• Deflection of blame
• Followers without leaders
• Poor me
• Borderline personalities and juvenile crime
• specifically targeted to hurt parents/loved ones,
  etc.
• little effort to hide crimes/impulsive
• status offenses
• sexual promiscuity
• drug abuse w/o knowledge of drugs
• rejection of societal values
• Hero worship and therapists
• Psychobabble

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Psychopathy and juveniles

• Distinguishing serious offenders
• violation of rights of others
• use of lying in situations not required
• lack of attachment to familysocial alienation
• fantasies of crime or violence
• blaming of others for behavior
• use of guilt/manipulation
• May also see
• Infliction of serious harm
• Criminal behavior

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Violent Fantasies

• High base rate, yet worrisome if
• sexual in nature
• involve concrete plan
• chronic
• individual is alienated
• Cautionary note however
• over exuberance
• violation of personal rights

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Violent Sexual Fantasies
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JV Competency to stand trial

• Questioned if
• offender is under 12
• prior diagnosis of mental illness (schizophrenia)
  or mental retardation
• borderline IQ or learning disability
• observations which suggest deficits in reality
  testing
• Violent offenders often treated as adults
• Reflects understanding of high recidivism in such
  offenders
• Is in keeping with empirical evidence
• Ed Kemper

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Juvenile Drug offenses

• Marijuana as a gateway drug
• rationalizations All-natural weed
• Low selectivity low knowledge
• drug mixing e.g. Ecstasy and Xanax
• Prescriptions
• Drug culture
• peer pressure exaggerated
• expectancies
• Commission of other crimes while intoxicated

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ODD and Conduct Disorder

• Oppositional Defiant Disorder Pain in the _at_
  disorder
• resistance to authority
• argumentative/resentful
• highly emotional
• good social skills
• Conduct Disorder
• serious violations of the rights of others
• less emotional, even anger very temporary
• amused by harming others
• may or may not have good social skills

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Youth Gangs

• Personalities of youthful gang members
• Some looking for family
• alienation from biological family
• hopelessness about future
• rejection of normal social life course
• relatively high acceptance of gang rules
• see gang as source of companionship and
  understanding
• high status and drug offenses, low violent
  offenses
• For others, gang is instrumental
• gang is a source of pleasure
• amusement at the harm they cause others
• violation of rights of even other gang members
• chaotic, less acceptance of gang rules
• high violent crimes

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Gang Violence

• Usually directed at other gangs
• Chimpanzee territories
• Compartmentalization
• Behavioral challenges
• violation of combat rules
• Violent crimes may result from property offenses
• Most violence is non-fatal, involve bludgeoning
  weapons or knives
• Handguns are most commonly used firearm
• reflects ambush tactics

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Firearms

• AK-47
• Armalite (M-16)
• UZI

13
Gangs and Assault Rifles

• Despite media attention, rarely used in gang
  crimes
• typically require too much care, sophistication
  and gun skill
• However, some more powerful gangs employ them,
  particularly to protect a drug trade
• Useless for ambushes/assassinations however
• higher rate of fire
• better penetration
• more damage
• Also they convey fear in others

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Drive-by shootings

• Motivation is typically revenge/fear
• Fairly uncommon
• Represent low level of compartmentalization

15
Hit with a L1A1

• Victim of alleged gang hit shot with soft point
  from L1A1 rifle

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Gang violence on the rise?

• Gang influences have been cropping up in suburbia
• Yet overall juvenile crime is actually down
• Represents better organization of major gangs
  (Crips, Bloods, etc.) rather than actual increase
  in juvenile psychopathy
• Gang related homicides have never represented the
  majority of homicides
• This does fluctuate with drug trade, however.

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Crack and Violent crime

• Last major increase in gang crime occurred with
  introduction of crack or rock cocaine
• new lucrative drug market
• Possible increase w/ meth
• Would legalization of drugs reduce drug crime?
• Questionable.
• EtOH and even cigarettes are still smuggled by
  organized crime
• Best way to reduce gang crime may be prevention
  in youth at high risk for alienation
• Head Start has had moderately good results
• DARE and other organization have had mild success

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Organized Crime

• Conspiracy of multiple individuals organized in
  corporate-like enterprise to attain financial
  gain through illegitimate means
• Often mixes legal and illegal activities
• Use of predatory tactics/ complicity of greed
• effective at disciplining members
• Illegal activities typically include trafficking
  in narcotics, alcohol, cigarettes, and firearms,
  loan-sharking, prostitution
• 50-90 billion/year industry.

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History of Organized Crime in US

• Pirates and the English-Spanish war
• Robber Barons and early capitalism
• Anglo-Celtic street gangs in 19th century
• Prohibition and Italian/Jewish organized crime
• New York and Costellos alcohol bootlegging
• Al Capone and Chicago

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Luciano Period

• Charles Lucky Luciano benefits from war
  between two rival bosses, Masseria and Maranzano
• Supports autonomy of underbosses
• Establishes Commission in 1931
• Murder, Inc.
• Dutch Schultz
• 1937 convicted for prostitution business
• Costello Acts as boss
• Parolled into permament exile in 1946

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Genovese Perod

• Vito Genovese Self-imposed exile in 1934 to
  avoid murder charge
• decorated by Mussolini during WWII
• Is returned to US after WWII, but witness against
  him is poisoned
• Is involved in casinos in Las Vegas
• Raid at the Appalachian meeting

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Gambino period

• Carlo Gambino uses war to consolidate power in
  late 1960s.
• Most members were getting old
• Gambino himself dies when he is convinced to get
  a swine flu vaccination despite having heart
  problems
• John Gotti Teflon Don ultimately assumes
  leadership
• Increased pressure from US government
• Gotti himself ultimately convicted with testimony
  of underboss
• Italian Mafia has become increasingly
  disorganized

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Money Laundering

• Funneling of illegally obtained through
  legitimate businesses
• Banks, construction, restaurants, clothing
• Russian organized crime using American banks
• Bank secrecy laws in Switzerland, Argentina
• Often uses international accounts
• Bank Commerce Credit International
• Abu Nidal, Noriega and the CIA

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Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking

• Confederation and drug trafficking
• Colombian Cartels
• Medellin and Pablo Escovar
• war with colombia in 1984
• 1989 assassination of presidential candidate
  Galan
• Escobar escapes in 1992 Search Block kills him
  in 1993
• Cali cartel overtakes multi- billion US drug
  business
• Is legalization the answer?

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Russian Mafiya

• Soviet Union corruption ill-prepared for
  privatization
• Mafiya has become dominant force in parts of
  Russia
• 1995 controlled 400 banks
• Use kidnapping, murder, extortion, corruption
• In US involved in jewelry, gasoline, heroin and
  Medicare fraud
• low pay to policecorruption
• Concern over nuclear market

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Personality and Organized Crime

• Often more order than traditional psychopath
• Obsessive-Compulsive detail oriented traits
• Belief in orderly system
• view world as wolves and sheep
• Heightened narcissism
• Ethno-centric
• Tradition gender roles
• Business-like view of violence
• Introduction of more traditional psychopaths have
  tended to unravel organized crime units

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Violence and Organized Crime

• Typically viewed as instrumental
• Intimidation, assault
• Homicide typically used as deterrent
• Rape/domestic violence typically punished
  severely
• Punishments carried out orderly
• Permission and hits for homicide
• Generally violence used when non-violent means
  appear to be failing/threatened

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Symbolism and Murder

• Homicides typically sent message
• Instrumental Approach
• teeth and tongue
• Body disposal

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Govt, Big Biz and Organized Crime

• Luciano and the US Navy
• Operation Mongoose and Fidel Castro
• US House of Representatives (1979) special
  committee--Kennedys and MLK.
• Providence, RI Ed DiPrete and Buddy Cianci
• Caesars Palace
• Wall Street and junk stocks
• Teamsters and Longshoremen
• Hoffa

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Jimmy Hoffa

• Ties to mafia since 1930s
• Rises from warehouseman to president of Teamsters
  union
• Involved in Phantom worker scams, kickbacks
• In 50s 60s target of R. Kennedy--convicted
  1964 of jury tampering
• Sentence commuted by Nixon in 1970
• By 1975 set to regain Teamsters presidency
• Battling former friend Fitzsimmons, and threatens
  to expose pension scams.

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Hoffa 2

• In 1975 Hoffa sets up meeting with Detroit and
  New Jersey mob figures to attempt to end feuding.
• Hoffa threatens to pull out of long standing
  deals between Teamsters and the Confederation
• Is seen getting into a car with mob underlings
  (OBrien) and is never seen again