THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

1
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
2
2 Systems differ in function/ transportation of
fluids
3

• Angiography-
• Vascular System carry blood where?
• Functions
• Transport nutrients and Oxygen
• Remove waste
• Maintain temp, water and electrolytes
• Components- RBC, WBC, Platlets, Plasma, H2O

4
Blood Vessel Structure

• Tunica intima (interna)
• Separates blood from vessel proper
• Maintains hemeostasis
• Tunica media
• Provide support for blood vessel walls
• Tunica adventitia (externa)
• Means by which vessels attached to local body
  tissues

5

• Capillary bed- arteries and veins connected here
• Where diffusion of materials take place across
  walls of small vessels

6
Systemic Circulation

• Arteries- carry blood away from heart (O2)
• Vessels have a strong pulse (heart phases)
• Vessels decrease in size to tissues
• Veins- blood returns to heart (deoxygenated)
• Vessels increase in size towards the heart
• Gradients, folds act like valves muscle
  contractions

7
Blood flow through the Heart

• Superior/ Inferior Vena Cava- Right
  AtriumTricuspidRight Ventricle-Pulmonary
  ArteryLUNGSPulmonary Veins- Left Atrium-Mitral
  Left Ventricle-Ascending Aorta Through AORTIC
  VALVE Bontrager, p 687

8
Cardiac Cycle

• Repeats 75x/ minute
• Consists of 3 phases
• Atrial contraction (systole)
• Ventricular contraction (systole)
• Complete rest (diastole)

9
Blood flow of Coronary Arteries

• ORIGINATE FROM AORTIC BULB
• LEFT CORONARY ARTERY supplies blood both
  ventricles, left atrium
• Feed anterior and posterior portions of heart
• RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY ( RCA)
• SUPPLIES BLOOD TO RT ATRIUM/ RT VENTRICLE
• SINOATRIAL NODE and atrioventricular node AKA
  pacemaker of the heart

10
(No Transcript)
11

• Blood Supply to the Brain
• Rt Common Carotid
• Lt Common Carotid
• Rt Vertebral Artery
• Lt Vertebral Artery
• Branches off Aortic Arch
• Lt Common Carotid Artery
• Left Subclavian Artery
• Brachiocephalic( Innominate) Artery
• Right common Carotid Artery
• Right Subclavian artery

12
(No Transcript)
13

• Abdominal Aorta runs from diaphram to L-4
• Bifurcates into Rt and Lt Common Iliac Arteries
• Then into Internal and External Iliac Arteries
• 5 major branches of AA

14
FOLLOW THE BLOOD

• CELIAC TRUNK ( 3 branches arteries off aorta)
• Gastric, Hepatic and Splenic
• SMA
• Small Intestine, Cecum, Ascending Colon, ½
  Transverse Colon
• Renal
• Kidney
• IMA
• ½ Transverse Colon, Descending Colon, Sigmoid,
  Rectum

15
VEINS

• Inferior Vena Cava
• Common Iliac
• Femoral
• Great Saphenous- largest vein in the body from
  foot to thigh
• Anterior Tibial
• Seen in Venograms
• Bontrager, p 709

16
VENOGRAMS pp 272-276

• 2/3 bodys blood supply sits in venous system
• Flow to heart controlled by gradient and muscle
  contractions
• Valves prevent retrograde blood flow
• DVT- deep vein thrombosis
• Varicose veins- pooling of blood in superficial
  veins
• Replaced by modality that uses echoes or sound
  waves what modality?

17
LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY

• Drains interstitial fluid and returns it to
  venous system
• Fluid from left side of body, lower limbs,
  pelvis and abdomen enter veins from thoracic duct
• Upper right, upper limb, head and neck drain into
  veins by right lymph duct

18

• Lymphatic
• part of circulatory system, as well as immune
  system
• Lymph
• returns fluid lost in capillary interstitial
  space and adds lymphocytes
• Passes thru filtering stations called lymph nodes
• No pump muscle massage and artery pulsation to
  move fluid

19

• Procedure required a cut down to vessels
• Blue dye was used to isolate lymph capillaries,
  then oil based contrast
• Vessels cannulated, pressure injector used,
• Slow injection 45 min
• Series of filmsleg, pelvis, abdomen, thorax
  (about 2 hours)
• Patient returned 24-48 hours for same films
  lymph nodes
• Now CT, ultrasound, nuc med used

20
Diagnostic Procedures

• Common Carotid Arteriography
• Aortography
• Coronary Angiography
• Abdominal Angiography
• Celiac
• SMA and IMA
• Renal

• Peripheral Angiography
• Venogram
• Lymphangiogram
• Cardiac Catherization

21
Coronary Arteriography

• What it visualizes Coronary arteries
• Indications Chest Pain pre-op Evaluation
• Pathologies Occlusion of Coronary
  Arteries
• Optimal time of injection diastole