Compromise and Conflict

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1850

• Compromise and Conflict

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Warm-Up

• How would you feel if you were forced to bully
  somebody who you did not know?

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Learning Targets

• I can identify the key parts to the Compromise of
  1850 and explain why it was necessary.
• I can explain why many Northerners objected to
  the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

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Background
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Hmmm.
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Emergency Exit
Wilsons Disco
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Direct Hit!
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Background

• Slave vs. Free is a problem in the U.S.
• Missouri Compromise fixes the situation from
  1820-1848
• Balance of slave and free states is maintained
  through 1849
• Important for the Senate!
• 1850 brings on new greater challenges

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Goodbye!
MO
IL
AL
IN
OH
VT
PA
NJ
VA
KT
TN
LA
MS
RI
NY
NH
MA
CT
DE
GA
MD
SC
NC
22
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Goodbye to you!!
CA
OR
UT
NM
IL
AL
MO
FL
AR
TX
IA
WI
MI
ME
IN
OH
VT
PA
NJ
VA
KT
TN
LA
MS
RI
NY
NH
MA
CT
DE
GA
MD
SC
NC
32
30
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Compromise Needed!

• Issues to be considered
• Too many free states, not enough slave states
• Balance in jeopardy!
• Many Southerners were considering secession as an
  option
• California was split by the Missouri Compromise
  line
• What do we do?

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The Great Compromiser

• Henry Clay helped work out the Missouri
  Compromise
• 30 years prior to 1850!
• He worked to help both sides
• He was challenged by a Southerner John C. Calhoun

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Clay vs. Calhoun

• Wanted to come to an agreement
• He feared the nation breaking apart

• Refused to compromise
• Slavery must be allowed
• Fugitive slaves must be returned
• If not South would secede

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Secession as a Loose Threat

• Secession came up during Jacksons Presidency
• I will hang the first person.
• South threatens this frequently to get its way
• Strong bargaining chip
• Northerners felt it would lead to a civil war
• War between people of the same country

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I speak today for the preservation of the
UnionThere can be no such thing as a peacable
secession. Peacable secession is an utter
impossibility.
Daniel Webster
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Reaching a Compromise

• Clay gave more than 70 speeches working towards a
  compromise
• Calhoun got sick and his place was taken by
  Stephen Douglas
• Senator from Illinois
• He will be important soon!
• President Taylor died and was replaced by Millard
  Fillmore
• He supported Clays compromise plan

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Compromise of 1850

• Five Part Resolution

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Part I. California

• California would enter as a free state

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Part II. The Rest of the Mexican Cession

• It would be divided into two territories
• New Mexico and Utah
• Popular sovereignty would determine slave or free
• Its all about the vote!

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Part III. Slave trade in D.C. Would End

• African Slave Trade had been over for a long time
• Slaves could still be traded within the states
• This compromise did not end trade between slaves
  states just in the capital

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Part IV. New Fugitive Slave Law

• To be discussed.

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Part V. Texas and New Mexico

• There was a border dispute between the two areas
  and this compromise put that to an end

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Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

• A previous law was created in 1793
• Many ignored it, so it wasnt powerful
• This new law could not be ignored
• All people must assist in catching runaway slaves
• Those caught letting fugitives escape would be
  punished
• Up to 1,000 and 6 months in jail!

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Courts for Fugitive Slave Law

• Judges would be rewarded money for sending
  accused runaways back to the South
• For each case heard by a judge they received
• 5 if they set someone free
• 10 if they sent someone back to the South!
• This encouraged judges to send some free African
  Americans to the South into slavery!

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I will pay you 5 to leave that kid alone or 10
to punch him out, what do you think?
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Aftermath of Compromise

• Neither side was completely happy
• They didnt get everything they wanted
• Fugitive Slave Law was tough for northerners
• They disagreed with slavery in the first place
• It made more northerners feel that slavery was
  evil
• Tensions rose and more conflict will come soon!

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Target Practice

• Why was the Compromise of 1850 necessary?
• What were the 5 parts to the Compromise of 1850?
• Why did northerners dislike the Fugitive Slave
  Law of 1850?

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Extended Questions

• Which part do you think was the toughest for the
  South to take in the Compromise of 1850?
• Why does the South repeatedly threaten secession?
  
• What would it take to put this issue to rest and
  keep slavery from dividing the country?