BIOCHEMISTRY

1
BIOCHEMISTRY

• STUDY OF MATTER AND ITS INTERACTION IN LIVING
  THINGS

2
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

• Study of carbon compounds
• INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
• Study of non-carbon compounds
• Water most abundant inorganic compound on earth
• most abundant compound on earth

3

• All organic compounds contain carbon
• BUT
• Not all carbon compounds are organic.
• exceptions
• Carbon dioxide
• Carbon monoxide

4
4 REASONS WHY CARBON CAN FORM SO MANY COMPOUNDS

• Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds due to its 4
  valance electrons
• Carbon bonds readily with H2 O2 N2 P2
• Carbon bonds readily with other carbon atoms
• Carbon can form straight chains, branched chains
  or rings

5
ISOMER

• Compound that has the SAME MOLECULAR FORMULA but
  a DIFFERENT STRUCTURAL FORMULA
• p. 55
• Glucose
• fructose fruit
• Galactose milk sugar

6
Information gained from a STRUCTURAL FORMULA

• SAME information as molecular formula
• PLUS-------
• Arrangement of atoms
• Type of bonds present
• Number of bonds presents
• How many of each type of bond is present

7
FUNCTIONAL GROUP

• Cluster of atoms that influence the
  characteristics of a molecule
• Hydroxyl group -OH
• Found in alcohols
• HYDROPHILIC polar
• water loving
• Soluble in water

8
MONOMER/POLYMER

• Small, simple molecule
• POLYMER / MACROMOLECULE
• Formed as a result of condensation reaction
• FOUR MAJOR MACROMOLECULES
• Carbohydrate
• Lipid
• Protein
• Nucleic acid

9
CONDENSATION REACTION

• AKA DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
• Water removal to make
• Water molecule is lost when 2 monomers are joined
  together
• Opposite of hydrolysis

10
HYDROLYSIS

• Water -lysis to split
• Water must be added to split a large
  macromolecule into smaller molecules
• Opposite of dehydration synthesis

11
ATP FORMATION

• ATP adenosine triphosphate
• Most important energy-storing compound in living
  things A-PPP
• Contains 2 high energy bonds between phosphate
  (PO4)groups
• Energy is released by hydrolysis

12
ENERGY RELEASE

• A-PPP A-PP P energy
• ADP adenosine diphosphate
• Contains 1 high energy bond

13

• AMP adenosine monophosphate
• A-P
• no high energy bonds
• A-PP A-P P energy