Terrorism

1
Terrorism

• Premeditated
• Planned in advance not impulsive act of rage
• Political
• not criminal act goal to change political order
• Symbolic
• Victim and audience not the same
• Random or symbolically selected target to convey
  political message to another audience to affect
  their behavior
• Targeting of innocents
• Targets civilians, not military
• Sub-national groups
• Not carried out by armies/legitimate military
  forces
• Violent

2
State-Sponsored Terrorism

• Groups deliberately used by states as foreign
  policy tools for limited political aims
• Cost effective way to wage war covertly
• States currently designated by US
• Iran, Iraq, Syria, Sudan, Libya, N. Korea, Cuba
• Violence carefully targeted, controlled and
  proportional to political objectives
• Want people watching, not people dead

3
New Terrorism

• Goal to produce casualties on massive scale
• Predominant impetus religious
• Increased technological and operational
  competence
• Network structure
• Lacks hierarchy hub and spoke structure wheel
  structure
• Increasing lethality of attacks
• Desire to obtain weapons of mass destruction

4
Challenges for U.S.

• US power drives adversaries toward asymmetric
  strategies
• Anonymity makes responsibility difficult to
  assign
• More attempts on U.S. soil likely
• Challenges traditional intelligence methods
• Must address vulnerabilities through civil
  defense and critical infrastructure protection
• Must improve coordination in U.S. and cooperation
  abroad, especially for intelligence

5
Responses to Catastrophic Terrorism

• 4 Fronts for fighting terrorism
• Root causes
• Address motivations specific grievances
  socioeconomic conditions recruitment
• Ability to conduct attacks
• Access to targets, resources, skills,
  information, training, money, organizational
  needs, base of operations
• Intentions of groups
• Punishment through prosecution or retaliation
• Defenses against attacks

6
Questions

• Does globalization breed terrorism? How?
• How does globalization facilitate global
  terrorism?
• Does terrorism pose a threat to globalization?
  How?
• If interdependence is irreversible, and if
  globalization facilitates global terrorism, does
  this mean that we have no choice but to live with
  global terrorism?