Third Edition Understanding Terrorism Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues

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Third EditionUnderstanding TerrorismChallenges,
Perspectives, and Issues
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Chapter 5

• Terror From Below
• Dissident Terrorism

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A Dissident Terrorism Paradigm

• Revolutionary Dissident Terrorism
• Nihilist Dissident Terrorism
• Nationalist Dissident Terrorism

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A Dissident Terrorism Paradigm(continued)

• Revolutionary Dissident Terrorism
• A clear world vision.
• Goal Destroy an existing order to build a
  well-designed new society.
• Case Marxist revolutionary movements in Latin
  America.

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A Dissident Terrorism Paradigm(continued)

• Nihilist Dissident Terrorism
• Revolution for the sake of revolution.
• Goal Destroy an existing order with no clear
  alternative for the aftermath.
• Victory is destruction of the old society.
• Cases Abu Nidal. Al Qaeda network.

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A Dissident Terrorism Paradigm(continued)

• Nationalist Dissident Terrorism
• Championing the national aspirations of groups of
  people.
• Goal Mobilize a particular demographic group
  against another group or a government.
• Distinguished by their cultural, religious,
  ethnic, or racial heritage.
• Cases Kurds in Turkey and Iraq. Catholics in
  Northern Ireland.

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Self-Perception Terrorists or Freedom Fighters?
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Antistate Dissident Terrorism

• Antistate Terrorist Environments
• Defined by idiosyncrasies of each country and
  movement.
• Histories that are unique to each society/
• The Terrorists Faith in Victory
• Defeat is unthinkable. Victory is inevitable.
• Utopian visions justify their means and guarantee
  the triumph of their idealized ends.

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Communal Terrorism

• Ethnonationalist Communal Terrorism
• Religious Communal Terrorism
• Ideological Communal Terrorism

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Communal Terrorism(continued)

• Ethnonationalist Communal Terrorism
• Terrorism directed against ethnic populations.
• Scale of violence varies considerably from region
  to region.
• Case Violence between Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda
  and Burundi.

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Communal Terrorism(continued)

• Religious Communal Terrorism
• Sectarian violence often combining religious and
  ethnic cultural identity.
• Case Breakup of the former Yugoslavia.
• Ideological Communal Terrorism
• A pattern of post- World War II civil wars.
• Cases Greece. Angola. Indonesia.

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Dissidents and the New Terrorism

• The New Dissident Terrorist Morality
• Fewer moral scruples than previous generations.
• Broader definitions of enemy groups.
• Unrestricted use of modern weapons technologies.
• Terrorist Cells and Lone Wolves
• Cells Indistinct command organizational
  configurations.
• Lone Wolves Single individuals.