INTRODUCTION TO TERRORISM

1
???? ??? ??????? INTRODUCTION TO TERRORISM
2
????? ????? LESSON OBJECTIVES

• ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????
• Define the Word Terrorism and What a Terrorist
  Group is
• ???? ??????? ????? ???????
• Briefly Relate the History of Terrorism
• ??? ???????(????? ?????) ??????? ???????
• Explain the Three Perspectives of Terrorism
• ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????
• Categorize the Long-Range Objectives of Terrorism

3
????? ????? LESSON OBJECTIVES

• ????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ??????
  ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????
• Discuss Various Ideologies That Motivate People
  to Bind Together into Terrorist Groups
• ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????(?????)???????
  ? ??????????
• Discuss Mechanisms Used to Label Terrorist Groups
• ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????
  ??????????
• List the Common Immediate Goals and
  Characteristics of Terrorist Groups

4
????? ????? LESSON OBJECTIVES

• ???? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????
  ??????????
• Describe the Typical Internal Organization of
  Terrorist Groups
• ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????
  ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????????
  ???????????
• Outline Typical Training Programs Used By
  Terrorist Groups at the Individual and
  Organizational Levels

5
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6
???????Terrorism

• ??????????
• Violence for Effect
• ???? ????????
• Theater of the Obscene
• ??? ?????? ?????
• Aimed at the People
• Watching

7
???????DEFINITIONAR 525-13

• ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???
  ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???
  ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ????????
  ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? .
• Terrorism is The Calculated use of Violence or
  the Threat of Violence to Inculcate Fear
  Intended to Coerce or to Intimidate Governments
  or Societies in the Pursuit of Goals that are
  Generally Political, Religious, or Ideological.

8
????( ?????) ???????? ????????? ??? ??????????
?????LABEL TERRORIST GROUPS BY THEIR SUPPORT
MECHANISM
9
????? ??? ???????Non-State Supported

• ????(???? ???? ) ??????
• Autonomously
• ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????
• No support or directives from a national
  government
• ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????
• White Supremacists, Animal Rights and
  Environmental Groups

10
????? ???????State Supported

• ?????????(????????) ???? ?????
• Acts Independently
• ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????
  ???????
• Receives financial and logistical support from a
  national government
• PIRA(RIRA), RAF, and ETA

11
??????? ???????State Directed

• ?????(????) ????? ????????
• Acts as an arm of the government
• ????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????
• Operational directives from national
  governments
• ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????
  ???????
• Libya, Iran, Cuba, Syria, North Korea, Sudan

12
????? ??????? HISTORY OF TERRORISM
13
????? ???????HISTORY OF TERRORISM

• ??????? ???????? ?????????
• Communist Insurgent Movements
• ????
• Cuba
• ?????? ?????
• Angola Small
• ????????? ?????? ???? ???
• Nicaragua Poorly Equipped

14
????? ???????HISTORY OF TERRORISM

• ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????
• Rhodesia Proper Leadership
• ???????? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????
  ???????? ????????? ????? ????????
• They now serve as training areas and launch
  points for the spread of communism through
  terrorism

15
????? ???????HISTORY OF TERRORISM

• ?????? ?????? ??????????
• Arab-Israeli Conflict
• ???????? ?????? / ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? -
  ?????????
• Civil Unrest/Radical Causes of The 1960s -
  1970s

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???? ??????? ?????????WHAT IS A TERRORIST GROUP ?

• ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????????
  ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????
• A Terrorist Group is Any Organization That Uses
  Terrorism in a Systematic Way to Achieve Its
  Goals.

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????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? 1,
2004Attacks on innocentsBesian,
RussiaSeptember 1, 2004
19
??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????
????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???
??????? Irish Republican Army
received community support from
locals when honoring the death of one of their
comrades.
20
?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? 26 /????? 1993 On
26 February 1993 World Trade Center Bombing ??
????? ????? 1041 ?????? 1 ????? ?? ?????? ??????
???? 6 deaths, 1041 injured 1 billion in
damage Sheik Rahman 135 X 115 X 63
21
?? 20????1995 Aum Shinrikyo ????? ?????? ????
?????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????
?? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? 5,510 ??
12 ???? ????? 20 March 1995 - Aum Shinrikyo Cult
executed a sarin gas attack at multiple locations
in the Tokyo subway system. Total casualties
reached 5,510 with 12 deaths.
22
?? 9 ????? 1995 ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????
????? ????? ???? ????168 ??????? ??????? 9
April 1995 Murrah Federal Bombing Labeled
Domestic Terrorism 168 Deaths Building Destroyed
23
1996?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????
?? 500 ??????? 19 1996 Bombing of Khobar
Towers 19 dead, over 500 injured
24
?? ??? 1998 ?? ??? ????? ????????
???????(?????) 1998 Bombing of the
US Embassy (Kenya)
213 ????? 4,000 ???? 213 Killed, 4,000 Injured
25
??????? ????????? ??? 12????? ????? 2000 ?? ????
?????USS Cole 12 Oct 2000 Aden, Yemen
17 ???? 17 Dead 39 ?????? 39 Injured
26
????? 2001 3,315 ????? ????? ?? ?????? 11 11
September 2001 3,315 dead, hundreds injured
27
??? ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????
??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????IF THE
TERRORISTS REALLY WANT YOU THEY WILL GET YOU
28
??? ??? ?????? ??????? Where Is Terrorism
Taking Us
?
29
??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????
????? - ??????
???????
?? ???? ????? ???
???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ????
30
??????? ??????The New Terrorism

• ???????
• Media
• ??????? ????? ? ??????? ?????
• Rapid, Long Distance Communications
• ???????? ????? ?????? (??????)
• Potential for Super-Violence

31
????? ??? ????ONE MANS TERRORIST?? ???? ???
???IS ANOTHER MANSFREEDOM FIGHTER
32
????? ??? ???????PERSPECTIVESOF TERRORISM

• 1- ??? ??? ?????????? ??????
• 1. How the Terrorists See Themselves
• 2- ???? ??? ??????
• 2. The Victims Point of View
• 3-???? ??? ??????? ??????
• 3. The General Publics Point of View

33
????? ????? ???????INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES
34
????? ????? ???????INTERNATIONALPERSPECTIVES

• ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????, ??? 1986
• U.S. Air Raid on Libya, 1986
• ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????, ??? 1985
• Israeli Air Raids on Tunis, 1985
• ??????- ?????? ?????? ???????? (?? ??????
  ????????)
• U.S. - Backed Contra Forces

35
?????RELIGION

• ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????
• A Powerful Motivation Behind Violent Actions for
  Thousands of Years
• ??????? ???????? ????????
• Christian Crusades
• ????????? ????????
• Spanish Inquisition
• ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???
  ??????? / ?????? ????? ???????
• Muslim Fundamentalism/Holy War Concept

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???????(???????)IDEOLOGIES
?????? ??? SPECIAL INTEREST

• ?????? ???????
• Anti Abortionists
• ?????? ???????
• Anti Vivisectionists
• ????????? ?????? ???????? (????????????)
• Radical Environmentalists

37
??????? ????? ?????LONG RANGEOBJECTIVES

• ??????? (?????????? /?????????)
• Revolutionary (Sandanista/Nicaragua)
• ????? ????? ( ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????
  ???????? ??????? / ???????? ???????)
• Sub-Revolutionary (ETA in Spain and
  Abortion/Environmentalism)
• ????? ????? (????? / ???? ????? ?????? ? ?????
  ????? ?? ??? ??????)
• Establishment Terrorism (Libya/Europe Within or
  Abroad and Condoned/Controlled by the state)

38
??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????
?????????COMMON IMMEDIATE GOALS AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRORIST GROUPS
39
??????? ??????IMMEDIATE GOALS

• ?- ?????? ??? ?????? ????? , ???? ????? ??????? .
• A. Obtain Worldwide, National, or Local
  Recognition for Their Cause
• ?- ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????.
• B. Cause Overreaction by the Government
• ?- ????? ,????? ? ????? ??? ????? ????????
• C. Harass, Weaken, or Embarrass Government
  Security Forces
• ?- ?????? ??? ??????? ? ???????
• Obtain Money and Equipment
• ?- ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???????
• E. Destroy Facilities or Disrupt Lines of
  Communications

40
??????? ??????IMMEDIATE GOALS

• ?- ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????
• F. Discourage Foreign Investment or Assistance
  Programs
• ?- ?????????? ???????? ???????? , ???????? ??
  ??????????
• G. Influence Government Decisions, Legislation,
  or Elections
• ?- ????? ???????
• H. Free Prisoners
• ?- ????? ?????
• I. Satisfy Vengeance
• ?-????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????
• J. Turn the Tide in a Guerrilla War

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??????? ????????COMMONCHARACTERISTICS

• ?- ????? ?????
• A. Promote Fear
• ?- ????? ?????
• B. Militarily Weaker
• ?- ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????
• C. Do Not Equate Tactical Success with Mission
  Success
• ?- ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? (????)
• D. They Are Usually Urban Based
• ?- ??????? ???? ???? ???
• They Are Highly Mobile
• ?- ?????? ????? ???? ???
• F. They Constantly Operate Covertly

42
???????? ????????INTERNALORGANIZATION

• ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????
• The Basic Organization of a
• Terrorist Group is the Cell

43
??? ???? ???????NUMBER AND SIZEOF CELLS
????? ??? Depends Upon

• ????? ??????
• Function of the Cell
• ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? (????
  ????????)
• Security Measures Employed by the Government
  (Degree Of Opposition)
• ???? ????????
• Sophistication of the Group
• ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??3-5 ????? ??? ???? .
• 3-5 persons per cell is generally used.

44
????? ???????TYPES OF CELLS

• ?????? ??????? (????????)
• Operational Cell
• ?????? ?????????????
• Intelligence Cell
• ?????? ????????
• Auxiliary Cell

45
????? ??????PASSIVE SUPPORT
????????
??????? PRESS
DONATIONS
46
?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???TYPICAL
STRUCTURE OF A WELL ORGANIZED GROUP
?????? ?????
????-????
????- ????
???? ????
47
???????TRAINING
????? ???
Is Oriented to the

• ?????? , ??????? ,??????? ???????
• Mission, Area, Security Environment
• ??????- ????? ?????
• Internal- Similar to military
• ??????- ??? ?? ????
• External- Individual or team

48
???????TRAINING
????? ???????
Training Sites

• ?????
• Iran
• ?????
• Libya
• ????? ????????, ?????
• North Korea, China
• ?????????
• Afghanistan
• ???????
• Sudan

49
???????TRAINING
???????? ???????? ???????? ?????
The Typical Training Program
Includes

• ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????
• Individual Physical and Mental Conditioning
• ??????? ??? ??????? ? ?????????
• Weapons and Explosive Training
• ??????? ???????
• Political Indoctrination
• ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ?????
• General/Specific Tactics Combat Training
• ????? ????????
• Trade Craft
• ????? ???????
• Psychological Warfare
• ?????? ??? ??? ?????? (??????)
• Survival
• ?????????
• Communications
• ????? ?????-
• Open Sources- Special Ops Manuals, etc.

50
??????? SUMMARY

• ????? ??????? ??????? ? ?? ?? ???????? ?????????
• Define the Word Terrorism and What a Terrorist
  Group is
• ????? ???? ?? ???????
• Briefly Relate the History of Terrorism
• ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????
• Explain the Three Perspectives of Terrorism
• ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????
• Categorize the Long-Range Objectives of Terrorism
• ???? ????? ??????? (???????) ???? ???? ????? ?
  ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????
• Discuss Various Ideologies That Motivate People
  to Bind Together into Terrorist Groups
• ???? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ???? ????????
  ?????????
• Discuss Mechanisms Used to Label Terrorist Groups
• ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????
  ?????????
• List the Common Immediate Goals and
  Characteristics of Terrorist Groups
• ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????????
• Describe the Typical Internal Organization of
  Terrorist Groups
• ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????????
  ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ???????
• Outline Typical Training Programs Used By
  Terrorist Groups at the Individual and
  Organizational Levels