Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

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Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
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The elements which make up carbohydrates are

• Carbon (C)
• Hydrogen (H)
• Oxygen (O)

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Monosaccharides -Single Sugar-

• Monosaccharides are
• Sweet tasting
• Soluble in water
• Reducing sugars

These are the basic building blocks of other
carbohydrates of which are the reducing sugars

• Glucose
• Fructose

The Formula for glucose is
C6 H12 O6
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Disaccharides -Double Sugars-

• May be non-reducing
• Sweet tasting
• Water soluble

Disaccharides are formed by CONDENSATION REACTION
of 2 Monosaccharides, the bond is called a
glycosidic bond.

• Sucrose
• Maltose

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Condensation Reactions
The chemical reaction that links monosaccharides
together to produce polymers (disaccharides etc)
is called a CONDENSATION REACTION.
Examples include

• 2 glucose molecules to form maltose
• A glucose and a fructose to form sucrose

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2 Glucose to form Maltose

Hydrolysis
Condensation
H2O
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A Glucose and a Fructose to form Sucrose

Condensation
Hydrolysis
H2O
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Summary
So

• CLASSIFICATION The basic sugar unit the
  saccharide
• 1 sugar unit Monosaccaride
• 2 sugar units Disaccharide

Examples of Monosaccharides Glucose, Fructose
Examples of Disaccharides Maltose, Sucrose
These are formed by CONDENSATION REACTIONS
To reverse the reaction it is called HYDROLYSIS