BIOCHEMISTRY

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BIOCHEMISTRY

• (PART THREE)

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Organic vs. Inorganic

• All compounds can be separated into two groups
• Inorganic
• Doesnt contain carbon
• Non-living
• Examples Oxygen gas, metals, rocks, water
• Organic
• Contains carbon
• Living (or dead)
• Examples wood, grass, diamonds, petroleum

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Polymerization

• Monomers
• One unit of a compound
• Polymers
• Many monomers combine to make a polymer
• Macromolecules
• Many large molecules combined

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Macromolecules

• There are four macromolecules
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids
• Proteins

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Carbohydrates

• Made of C, H, O
• Functions
• Main energy source in organisms
• Structural component in plants
• Types
• Sugars
• gives off energy when broken down
• Cellulose ? twisted chain of sugars, not
  digestible by humans
• Chitin ? hard cellulose found in the exoskeletons
  of invertebrates
• Ex. Sucrose, fructose, glucose
• Starches
• used as a storage molecule for sugars
• Many athletes eat these before events
• Ex. Bread, rice, pasta, corn

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Lipids

• Made of C, H, O
• in the form of glycerol and fatty acid chains
• Commonly called fats, oils, waxes
• Functions
• Storage of energy
• Parts of biological membranes
• Water proof coverings
• Chemical messengers (steroids)
• Insoluble in water
• Ex. Lard, butter, oil, hormones, steroids

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Nucleic acids

• Made of C, H, O, N, P
• Monomers are called nucleotides
• Nucleotides are made up of a 5-carbon sugar,
  phosphate group and a nitrogen base
• Functions
• Store hereditary information
• Transmit hereditary information
• Two types
• RNA (ribonucleic acid)
• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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Proteins

• Made of C, H, O, N
• Monomers are amino acids
• There are 20 different amino acids that combine
  in different ways to make millions of proteins
• The most diverse macromolecules
• Functions
• Control the rates of chemical reactions (enzymes)
• Regulate cell processes
• Used to form bone muscles
• Transport substances into or out of cells
• Help fight disease

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Summary of the Four Major Macromolecules
Carbon Compounds
include
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
that consist of
which contain
which contain
which contain
which contain
Act as enzymes
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Review Questions

• What type of organic compound are
  monosaccharides?
• What are the functions of lipids?
• Which organic compound is the main energy source
  for living things?
• What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
• RNA molecules are made up of ______.
• What is the monomer of proteins?

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Review Questions

• What are the four major macromolecules found in
  living things?
• ____ are commonly called oils waxes.
• List the differences between organic inorganic
  compounds.
• List examples of proteins.
• List examples of carbohydrates.
• List examples of lipids.
• List examples of nucleic acids.

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Review Questions

• What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
• What are the functions of proteins?