Cell PartsCell Organelles

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Cell Parts/Cell Organelles
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Cell Organelles

• little organ
• Cells contain tiny structures that carry on
  specific functions

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Main Components of all cells

• Cell Membrane - page 35
• Analogy City Limits
• outer boundary of a cell / ALL cells have
• selectively permeable has tiny pores
• or
  openings
• Function
• controls movement in and out of the cell
• keeps out some molecules and allows others to
  pass through (food and oxygen enters and waste
  leaves)
• separates cell from surroundings

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• Cytoplasm page 37 (protoplasm)
• No Analogy
• between the cell membrane and the nucleus
• jelly like material inside the cell (always
  moving)
• takes up most of the mass of the cell
• contains water, salts, and organic molecules
  (protein and other materials)
• Function
• other organelles float in it

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• Nucleus page 36-37
• Analogy City Hall
• contains DNA (hereditary material) / chromosomes
• densest part of the cell
• Function
• brain of the cell
• control center
• directs all of the cell activities

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• Nucleolus page 37
• Analogy Mayor
• where chromosomes are
• within the nucleus
• Function
• exact location of the DNA / chromosomes

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• Nuclear Membrane page 36
• Analogy Security to City Hall
• surrounds the nucleus
• Function
• Protects the nucleus
• Similar to the cell membrane in that it protects
  the nucleus, but does not let materials in and
  out

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• Cell Wall page 35
• Analogy Police Department
• ONLY IN PLANTS
• rigid layer of non living material that surround
  the cells of plants
• made of cellulose (celery)
• entering a plant cell is different due to the
  cell wall
• Function
• Protect and support
• Trees stand tall because of this

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• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) page 40
• Analogy Transportation System/ Highway
• tube - like structures in the cytoplasm
• form a network (communication)
• Function -
• transports material from one part of the cell to
  the next

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• Ribosomes page 40
• Analogy Factory (Protein Factory)
• tiny grain like particles
• attach to the ER along the edges
• Function
• where proteins are made
• Attach to ER so can be exported out of cell
• Proteins are large complex molecules that are
  the building blocks of living substances
  (composed of amino acids)

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• Golgi Apparatus / Golgi Bodies pg. 40
• Analogy Post Office
• flattened sacs or tubes
• Function
• Processing/Packaging/Secreting
• assembles proteins
• primary site for packaging of secretions for
  distribution
• secretes out of cell

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• Mitochondria page 37
• Analogy Power Plant/ Powerhouse
• of the
  cell
• sausage shaped bodies
• rod like
• accordion
• Function
• chemical reaction takes place here
• cellular respiration occurs
• releases energy in the form of ATP
• ATP stores energy and releases when needed
• this energy is used to carry out cell functions

13

• Lysosomes page 41
• Analogy City Dump (waste/recycling)
• ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS
• called suicide sacs
• spherical shape / small and round
• contain digestive enzymes
• Function
• break down food, bacteria, and worn out cell
  parts
• digestion of materials inside cell
• contain chemicals that break down large food
  particles

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• Vacuoles page 41
• Analogy Grocery Store
• Exist in plant and animal cells
• Plant cells large and numerous
• Animal cells few and small
• fluid filled bags
• take up about 90 of the cells volume in plant
  cell
• Function
• store water and dissolved materials (enzymes and
  waste products)
• storage tanks

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• Chloroplasts page 40
• Analogy Farm
• ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
• looks like a watermelon
• contain a green pigment called chlorophyll
• Function
• site of photosynthesis
• light energy changed to chemical energy (of food)
• Captures energy from the sun
• Plastid seen without stain because are
  colored by pigments