Biochemistry

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Biochemistry

• 11/14/2009

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• Chemistry of Living Things
• C,H,O,N 96
• All biological compounds are based on hydrocarbon
  chains
• C-C-C-C-C-C
• Chains are very long
• 4 Main types of biological compounds
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids

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• Proteins
• Composed of amino acid building blocks
• COOH group
• NH2 Group
• Protein Many amino acids hooked together
• Special covalent bond peptide bond
• Links C-N-C
• Only found in proteins
• Proteins polypeptides
• As 2 amino acids are hooked together one HOH is
  removed dehydration synthesis or condensation

Protein
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A.A. A.A. ? dipeptide HOH
(A.A. A.A.) 1001 ? polypeptide 1001 HOH

• Functions of proteins
• Structure of cells
• Enzymes
• Muscles
• Cell Membranes
• Some Hormones
• insulin

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• Carbohydrates sugars and starches
• Composed of monosaccharides(single sugars)
• m.s.m.s. ? disaccharide HOH
• Dehydration synthesis
• (m.s.m.s. ? polysaccharidemany
  HOH(polysaccharide starch)
• Examples of monosaccharides
• Glucose
• Fructose
• Galactose
• Examples of disaccharides
• Sucrose
• Lactose
• Maltose

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• Energy source
• Fast energy from monosaccharides
• Energy Storage
• Starches
• ie animal starch glycogen
• ie plant starch amylose
• Structure
• Cellulose
• Makes plant cell walls
• Made of glucose
• Cannot be digested by animals
• Most abundant organic molecule
• Chitin
• Makes up insect shells
• Made of glucose

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• Lipids fats, oils, waxes and steroids
• Fats made of glycerol3 fatty acidsglycerol3
  fatty acids ? fat3 HOH
• Dehydration Synthesis
• Functions
• Long term energy storage
• Migratory animals
• Insulation
• Cushion for vital organs
• Cell membranes
• Hormones steroids
• Protection
• Leaves of plants

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• Nucleic Acids DNA RNA
• Made of 3 components
• 5-C sugar
• Phosphate
• Nitrogen Base
• Together these make 1 nucleotide
• Nucleotides Building Blocks
• Nucleotides hook together via Dehydration
  Synthesis
• Functions
• Carries genetic code/blueprint

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• Biochemistry Poster Project (you will be assigned
  a biomolecule)
• A. Structure
• Show the building blocks of your molecule
• Show how the b.bs hook together (dehydration
  synthesis/ condensation)??
• B. Function
• 1)Show what the functions of your molecule are
  to life
• 2)Illustrate your poster
• 3)Use images / photos

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Biochemistry

• The End