De-Colonization and Self-Determination

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De-Colonization and Self-Determination
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• Today de-colonization self-
• determination
• Tomorrow Third World in International
• Politics

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Definitions

• Imperialism today process through which a
  state attempts to control (sometimes informally)
  the economic and/or political and cultural makeup
  of another state
• Colonialism the most developed form of
  imperialism whereby the controlling state invades
  another state/region so as to exploit its
  resources by means of settlers or
  administration for the purposes of large-scale
  immigration
• Neo economic/cultural rather than military
• USA- western expansion???

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• Colonization when
• why
• how
• De-colonization processes
• Why de-colonization took place
• Significance

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Colonial Powers

• Spain
• Portugal
• United Kingdom
• France
• Holland
• Belgium
• Germany
• Italy

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Colonial Powers

• 15th Century to 19th Century
• 1492 discovery of Americas
• Late 19th century race for Africa
• Economic reasons
• Racial/Religious/Cultural arguments
• Military superiority

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De-Colonization

• Germany after World War 1
• Ireland?
• Italy after World War 2

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United KingdomIRELAND?1921-1922?

• 1947-1980 47 territories gain independence
• 1947 India/Pakistan
• 1948 Burma/Sri Lanka
• 1957 Ghana/Malaya
• 1960 Nigeria
• 1961 Sierra Leone/Tanganyika
• 1962 Uganda
• 1963 - Kenya

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United Kingdom

• 1956 - Suez Crisis lions last roar
• 1960 Harold Macmillan winds of change

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United Kingdom

• Multiracialism
• Commonwealth created
• Baghdad Pact Pakistan/Iran/UK

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France

• Legacy from World War 2
• 1950s Indo-China
• 1960 French African colonies
• Including Cameroon
• Central African Republic
• Chad
• Senegal

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France

• Fighting in Algeria
• France Union
• France Community foreign/defence/economic
  policies

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Portugal

• Fall of the Salazaar dynasty
• 1974 - Guinea-Bissau
• 1975 - Cape Verde
• 1975 - Angola Mozambique

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Exceptions

• United States of America wars of independence
  1776 to 1783
• Latin America 1810-1830 role of Simon Bolivar
• 1815 - Vienna Settlement

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Reasons

• Sovereignty
• Self-determination
• - League of Nations
• - United Nations Declaration of Human
  Rights
• - Article 1 of both International
  Covenant on Civil Political Rights (ICCPR)
  International Covenant on Economic, Social
  Cultural Rights (ICESCR)

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Reasons

• National Liberation Movements
• one mans terrorist is another mans freedom
  fighter
• Algeria/Morocco/Tunisia

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Reasons

• End World War 2
• Europe no longer centre of world power
• Focus of colonial powers change Europe EEC
• Domino effect

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Reasons

• Pariah state UK like South Africa
• Change Soviet foreign policy
• Africa the Next 10 years problems of too
  little/too much reform

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Reasons

• Nye 3 ideas
• Domestic level
• International level distribution of power
• Military technology relative standing in
  international system

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Colonialism. The Highest State of Capitalism

• Written in 1916 while Lenin in Zurich
• Capitalism transformed into colonies
• Inequalities due to finance lead to
  war/famine/poverty
• weakest link

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Legacy

• Neo-colonialism Latin America in general but
  Cuba excellent example
• Developing World important during Cold War
  after due to legacy from colonialism

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Conclusions

• Most de-colonization second half 20th century
• Self determination national liberation
  movements
• End World War 2
• Power no longer in Europe
• Focus moved
• Domino effect

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Conclusions

• Pariah state
• Change Soviet foreign policy
• Colonialism. The Highest state of Capitalism
• Nye domestic level
• international level
• military technology

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Conclusions

• Neo-colonialism
• Developing World important Cold War
• Problems today from legacy of colonialism
• Self -determination