CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• The Foundation of the Concepts of Leisure and
  Recreation
• Most of the conceptualizations of leisure and
  recreation that we currently use have come from
  researchers trained in other disciplines (Karlis,
  2000 Bregha, 1978).

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• The Foundation of the Concepts of Leisure and
  Recreation
• Leisure studies as a discipline of higher
  education has existed in the United States since
  the 1930s. In Canada it came into being in the
  1960s.

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• The Foundation of the Concepts of Leisure and
  Recreation
• Canadian researchers of leisure studies adopted
  the foundational concepts from United
  States-based researchers, a task that was easy as
  many of the first leisure studies researchers in
  Canada were either American or had been trained
  in the United States.

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• The Foundation of the Concepts of Leisure and
  Recreation
• Canadian leisure studies researchers tend to not
  agree on a meaning of leisure while using the
  word leisure in many different ways.

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• The Foundation of the Concepts of Leisure and
  Recreation
• Swedburg (2002), in a study of the grammatical
  uses of leisure conducted at the 9th Canadian
  Congress on Leisure Research, found that the word
  leisure tends be used more often as an
  adjective or a noun. In no cases was leisure
  used as an adverb or verb.

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• The Concepts of Leisure
• 1. Leisure As Discretionary Time
• Time free from work, work-related
  responsibilities, and household obligations and
  other social and personal obligations.

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• The Concepts of Leisure
• 3. Leisure as Personal Experience and State of
  Being
• Leisure as personal experience and state of being
  can be anything for anyone at any time.

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• The Concepts of Leisure
• 2. Leisure as Free Time Activity
• It is experienced outside of work (Scott, 1998
  LeClair, 1992). It is the activities and the
  nature of these activities that determine whether
  or not certain non-work time pursuits are leisure.

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• A Conceptualization of Leisure in Canada
• Karliss Definition of Leisure
• Leisure is any activity or state-of-mind
  experience that is freely driven or happens
  spontaneously during work time, obligation time
  and/or discretionary-time and is permissible by
  the norms of society and is cultural-specific,
  meaning that it is derived according to the
  values, traditions or mores of a specific way of
  life or lifestyle of a particular cultural
  group(s) and Canada as a whole.

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• The Foundation of the Concepts of Leisure and
  Recreation
• Much of the leisure studies research used in
  Canada has been adopted from the United States.

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• Purpose of Leisure in Canada
• According to Hutchison and McGill (1992), it is
  through leisure that people discover that they
• have certain gifts and talents,
• can contribute something to their communities,
• are risk-takers and enjoy and even crave
  attention,
• have a lot to teach others,
• can master a certain skill,
• can find some meaning to their life outside of
  work,
• can express themselves in a creative way,
• feel a sense of being connected to a larger
  group, and
• have a feeling of accomplishment.

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• The Concept of Recreation
• 1. Recreation as Activity
• The activities that are defined as recreation by
  society tend to be standard, meaning that they
  reflect a collective pool of activities
  characterized by society as being recreation
  activities experienced outside paid work and
  obligation time.

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• The Concept of Recreation
• 2. Recreation as Personal Experience
• Recreation is a personal experience that tends to
  be pleasurable. It may be structured, have a set
  of rules and may be commonly defined by society
  as being a recreation activity (i.e., playing
  cards). However, the actual identification of an
  experience as recreation rests within the
  personal experience of the participant.

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• Purpose of Recreation in Canada
• In 1974, the provincial ministers responsible for
  recreation set forth the following statements as
  the purposes of recreation (National Recreation
  Statement, 1987)
• to assist individual and community development,
• to improve quality of life, and
• to enhance social functioning.

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CHAPTER 2CONCEPTS OF LEISURE AND RECREATION

• A Conceptualization of Recreation for Canada
• Karliss Definition of Recreation
• Recreation is the freely chosen activities
  partaken within a time period free from all
  obligations for the end result of
  self-satisfaction. These can be structured,
  unstructured, based on ethnic cultural traditions
  or defined by the host culture as a part of the
  recreation industry.