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Plant Propagation

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Rooted plant is cut off at the soil level. As the season progresses, soil is added to cover the growing shoots. ... Uses the terminal shoots or leaf buds in a ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Plant Propagation


1
Plant Propagation
  • By Johnny M. Jessup
  • Agriculture Teacher/FFA Advisor

2
Introduction
  • What is plant propagation?
  • The reproduction or increasing in number of
    plants.
  • Can be done in one of two ways.
  • Sexual.
  • Asexual.

3
Sexual or Seed Propagation
4
Sexual Propagation
  • The propagation or reproducing of plants from
    seeds.

5
Sexual Propagation
  • Pollen is transferred from the anther to the
    stigma.
  • Fertilization occurs and seeds are produced.

6
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7
Parts of the Seed
8
Parts of the Seed
  • Seeds are made up of 3 main parts.
  • Seed Coat.
  • Endosperm.
  • Embryonic Plant.

9
Planting Seeds
  • Planting depth depends on the size of the seeds.
  • The larger the seed, the deeper it is planted.
  • Example Petunia seeds are planted shallower than
    beans, tomatoes, or marigolds because they are
    the smallest.
  • Small seeds should be watered by
    bottom soaking.

10
Planting Seeds
  • Seeds are directly seeded when they are planted
    in the soil where they will grow to a saleable
    size.
  • Germination flats are used if they are to be
    transplanted at a later time.
  • When reusing germination flats, be sure to
    sterilize
    the flats and soil.

11
Germination
  • Germination rate is the that sprout.
  • Example 75 out of 100 75
  • Rates affected by.
  • Seed viability.
  • Temperature.
  • Moisture.
  • Type of plant.
  • Quality of seed.

12
Germination
13
Transplanting Seedlings
  • Seedlings are the small plants.
  • Transplant when first true leaves appear
  • Held by the true leaves rather than the stems to
    prevent stem bruising which will kill the plant.

14
Hardening Off
  • The reducing of humidity and water to make the
    environment more like the outside.

15
Advantages of Sexual Propagation
  • Fast way to get many plants.
  • Easy to do.
  • Economical.

16
Disadvantages of Sexual Propagation
  • Some plants, especially hybrids, do not reproduce
    true to parents.
  • Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds.

17
Asexual Propagation
18
Asexual Propagation
  • The use of growing parts other than seeds to
    reproduce plants.
  • The types are.
  • Cuttings
  • Layering
  • Division/Separation
  • Budding
  • Grafting
  • Tissue Culture

19
Rooting from Cuttings
  • Rooting media should be about 4 inches deep.
  • Best time of day to take cuttings is early
    morning because plants have more moisture.

20
Rooting from Cuttings
  • The three main types of cuttings are.
  • Stem
  • Leaf
  • Root

21
Stem Cuttings
  • The taking of a piece of stem to reproduce
    plants.
  • Use a rooting hormone with fungicide to.
  • Speed up root development.
  • Prevent root rot.

22
Leaf Cuttings
  • The use of leaves and sections of leaves to
    reproduce plants.
  • Done from herbaceous plants.
  • Veins must be cut!!!

23
Root Cuttings
  • The use of roots to reproduce plants.
  • Should be spaced 3 inches apart in the rooting
    area.

24
Layering
  • The rooting of plant parts while they are still
    attached to the parent plant.
  • The types are.
  • Air Layering.
  • Trench Layering.
  • Mound Layering.

25
Air Layering
  • Also called Chinese propagation.
  • Area of plant is girdled and surrounded by a
    moist growing medium that is sealed in
    polyethylene film.

26
Trench Layering
  • Mother plant is bent to the ground and buried.
  • Plants form at each node on covered stem.

27
Mound Layering
  • Rooted plant is cut off at the soil level.
  • As the season progresses, soil is added to cover
    the growing shoots.
  • After 1 year, the shoots are rooted and removed
    from the parent plant.

28
Division Separation
  • Cutting or pulling apart of.
  • Bulbs
  • Corms
  • Rhizomes
  • Tubers
  • Runners
  • Stolens
  • Suckers

29
Grafting
  • Joining separate plant parts together so that
    they form a union and grow together to make one
    plant.
  • Scion
  • Piece of plant at the top
    of the
    graft.
  • Rootstock
  • The piece of the plant at the
    root or bottom of the
    graft.

30
Grafting Methods
  • Scion rootstock are the same size
  • Wedge
  • Splice
  • Whip tongue
  • Approach

31
Grafting Methods
32
Grafting Methods
  • Scion is smaller than the rootstock
  • Cleft.
  • Side.
  • Notch.
  • Bark inlay.

33
Grafting Methods
34
Budding
  • A form of grafting when a bud is used.
  • Faster or quicker than grafting.
  • The 3 main methods are.
  • Patch budding.
  • T-budding.
  • Chip budding.

35
Patch Budding
36
T-Budding
37
Chip Budding
38
Tissue Culture
  • Must have a sterile environment.
  • Get the most plants in a short time.
  • True to parent plants.

39
Advantages to Asexual Propagation
  • Plants mature in shorter time.
  • Some plants do not produce viable seeds.
  • New plants are same as parent plant.

40
Disadvantages to Asexual Propagation
  • Some methods require special equipment skills.
  • Such as grafting.
  • Cuttings detach plant parts from water and
    nutrient source.
  • Some plants are patented.
  • Making propagation illegal.

41
Biotechnology in Horticulture
42
What is Biotechnology?
  • The use of cells or components (parts) of cells
    to produce or processes.

43
Methods of Biotechnology
  • Tissue Culture
  • Also called micropropagation.
  • Uses the terminal shoots or leaf buds in a
    sterile or aseptic environment on agar gel or
    other nutrient-growing media to produce thousands
    of identical plants.

44
Methods of Biotechnology
  • Cloning
  • Genetically generating offspring from
    non-sexual tissue.

45
Methods of Biotechnology
  • Genetic Engineering
  • Movement of genetic information in the form of
    genes from one cell to another cell to modify or
    change the genetic make-up.

46
Benefits of Biotechnology
  • Produce many identical plants in a short time.
  • Increase disease and insect resistance.
  • Increase tolerance to heat or cold.
  • Increase weed tolerance.
  • Increase tolerance to drought.
  • Improve environment.
  • Increase production.
  • Other genetic changes.

47
Designed By
  • Johnny M. Jessup FFA Advisor
  • Hobbton High School
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