Sexual plant propagation

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Sexual plant propagation
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Propagation of plants from seeds

• Composition of seeds
• Seed coat- outside covering which protects
  embryonic plant
• endosperm- stored plants food, and nourishes
  embryonic plant during germination
• Cotyledon gets initial nutrients from the
  endosperm

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Propagation of plants from seeds

• embryo - a new plant that is developed as a
  result of fertilization, and during germination
  it extends its roots and seed leaves (cotyledons)
  to form a new plant.

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Propagation of plants from seeds

• Germination media
• favorable pH
• supply of plant nutrients
• firm and porous
• sterile and free from foreign materials

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Indirect seeding

• Seeds sown in a separate place from where they
  will eventually grow to maturity
• Transplanted one or more times before reaching
  permanent growing area

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Flats

• made of wood, plastic, and metal
• have drainage holes in bottom
• seeds generally sown in rows.

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When to seed

• important in business to have saleable product
  ready at market time

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Sowing seeds

• follow package directions to determine planting
  distance
• cover with sprinkling of moist sphagnum or peat
  moss
• labelname, variety, and date sown

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Watering

• water from bottom
• if watering from top be careful to avoid washing
  seed out or too deeply into soil

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Germination

• 65-70 degrees soil temperature
• retain humidity
• cover with glass or plastic

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Germination

• some seeds require three days of darkness prior
  to germination
• cover with newspaper instead of glass

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Germination

• water with a fine mist or from the bottom

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Transplanting seedlings

• following germination plants develop seed leaves
  - cotyledons
• allow plant to grow until first true leaves are
  present before transplanting

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Transplanting seedlings

• hold seedlings by true leaves not by the stem
  with thumb and forefinger
• bruised stem could cause plant death

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Transplanting seedlings

• dont shake off media from roots
• can cause them to dry out too much

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Transplanting seedlings

• plant about 2 inches apart
• insert at depth a little deeper than they were
  grown before
• gently press media around roots
• water with gentle stream to settle soil around
  roots

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Direct seeding

• planting seeds directly into the permanent
  growing area
• most economical
• media-soil
• prepare by loosening soil and removing all large
  clumps

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Direct seeding

• add manure, grass clippings, or compost to
  improve soil structure (organic matter)
• chemical treatment
• disease prevention
• insect prevention

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Direct seeding

• Germination Requirement
• same as indirect seeding.

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Treatments of seed for Germination

• soak in water or acid bath to soften seed coat
• scratch with sand paper
• allows water into seed

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Treatments of seed for Germination

• Alternate wetting and drying
• Presence of light
• Darkness
• Follow package instructions
• Fire or extreme heat- Jack Pine