Chapter 19 Nationalism

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Chapter 19 Nationalism
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Turkey

• Turkey had been a large empire for 500 years but
  during the 1800s lost a lot of their land and
  tried to save the remaining parts of the empire
  by joining In WWI on the side of Germany.After
  WWI Turkey lost all of their land except what
  they have today. The greeks tried to take the
  remaining parts in 1919 but Turkish General
  Mustafa Kemal rallied the troops and pushed back
  the Greeks. Kemal attacked (in 1922) the Greeks
  and defeated them. The Turks created a new gov.
  called the Republic of Turkey. Kemal became the
  first Pres. And moved the capital to Ankara. He
  believed the country should industrialize. Kemal
  adopted radical changes-western alphabet, metric
  system, the fez was abondoned, western hat were
  worn, he separated gov from religion, he changed
  Turkey into a modern empire.

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http//www.hitit.co.uk/map.html
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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 1881 - 1938
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Social reforms
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Pictures of Ankara Turkey
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Iran

• Iran was at one time called Persia and was ruled
  by a shaw. Great Britian and the Soviet Union had
  some control over the Oil fields of Persia(Iran).
  Reza Khan took over the Shaw and set up a new
  Gov. creating schools,roads, hospitals and gave
  women more freedom. He later declared himself
  Shaw in 1925 and changed his name to Reza Shaw
  Pahlavi. He admired Hitler and made close allies.
  He changed the name of the country to Iran which
  was a form of the word Ayran. In 1941 Britian and
  Soviet forces were at war with Germany and
  removed Reva shaw Pahlavi and placed his son in
  power which allowed British and Soviet forces to
  stay in Iran

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The Shaw with President Carter
Reza Shaw Pachlavi
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Palestine

• After WWI Britian was given control over
  Palestine. The jews and arabs were in conflict in
  the area. The jews said the land was their based
  on biblical hertiage. Arabs believed that they
  had just as much a right to the land. By the late
  1800s the jewish population increased. Jews were
  coming from Russia due to persecution. The
  movement was know as Zionism under the leadership
  of Theodor Herzl. After WWI the Balfour
  Declaration was issued-promising Great Britians
  help in establishing a land for the Jews. On one
  condition that the civil and religious liberties
  of other communities were protected. After the
  persecution of the Jews in Germany the population
  of the Jews increased. Jews and Arabs became
  great enemies.

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Theodor Herzl
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Egypt

• Nationalism sweep thru Egypt in 1882. Saad
  Zaghlul led a nationalist movement. Britian
  arrested Zaghlul to weaken the movement. The
  movement just grew in strength and Britian later
  gave Egypt some independence but kept control of
  the Suez canal. In 1936 Egypt gained complete
  Independence.

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Kenya

• Many Kenyans fought with Britian against Germany
  . 45,000 Kenyans died and others hoped that now
  Kenya would receive their independence. Instead
  of independence huge portions of Kenya were given
  to European settlers for coffee plantations.
  Kenyans worked long hard hours for the
  plantations for little money. Harry Thuku led a
  movement in 1921 to go against British rule.
  Thuku was arrested and 25 Kenyans were killed.
  Jomo Kenyatta took over the fight but took it to
  the Britiag Gov. officals and gained some
  independence.

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Coffee plantations
Jomo Kenyatta
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Nigeria

• Nigeria was controlled by Britian also. Britian
  became rich over rubber, oil and tin. Britian had
  strict labor laws and high taxes on Nigeria. The
  women of Nigeria rose up against Britian because
  they were going to be taxed also. 50 women were
  killed by the British to put down a uprising.
  Nnamdi Azikiwe was a nationalist but realized
  that physical protest were to dangerous and he
  created a newspaper called the The Western
  African Pilot to fight for independence.

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Nnamdi Azikiwe