TERRORISM

1
TERRORISM
2
Two types of terrorism Secular Religious
3

• Secular terrorists are generally on of three
  types
• Independence from colonial occupation
• Separatist groups such as the IRA and Basque
  Euzkadi Ta-Askatasuna
• Socioeconomic revolutionaries such as Sandinistas
  and Baader Meinhof Gang

4
Religious terrorist see violence as a sacramental
act or divine duty to a religious belief
5
Secular terrorisms goals shape tactics Some
acts are to get attention of the world to their
issue Black September Munich Olympics
6
Terrorist at Olympic Village
7
Groups seeking separation or autonomy often
target government buildings and officials
8
Social and economic revolutionaries often target
businessmen and government officials
9
Former PM of Italy Aldo Moro kidnapped and killed
by Red Brigade
10
Secular terrorist generally avoid indiscriminate
killings on a massive scale since such tactics
are not constant with their political aims. Most
common secular terrorist demand is the release of
prisoners
11
Secular terrorism has a constituency of actual
and potential sympathizers. They have members of
the people they defend or whos claim they speak
for They view the enemy as representatives of
a certain socioeconomic order or regime
12
Religious terrorists seek to appeal to no other
constituency than themselves. They are often
unconstrained by political, moral or practical
constraints that affect secular terrorism.
13
Religious terrorism defines the enemy
differently. Generally anyone not of their
religion or sect Sayyed Qutb used Jahiliya, the
pre-Islamic age of ignorance to describe any none
Islamic society Bin Laden and Azzam argue that
Jews and Christians have strayed and are
undeserving of any protection
14
February 23, 1998, bin Laden announced the
International Islamic Front of Jihad against the
Crusaders and the Jews. It is legitimate to kill
any American, whether military or not.
15
One major tactic since 1980s has been the
suicide bomber. Unlike secular terrorist there
is no need to plan escape, only how to deliver
the bomb to the target area.
16
April 17, 2006
17
1995, Hamas spiritual leader Ahmad Yasin states
any suicide bomber who has received the blessing
of a Muslim cleric is a martyr in a jihad and not
a suicide for personal intent, forbidden in Islam
18
Palestinian Liberation Organization PLO founded
1964 as umbrella group for organizations with a
common goal
19
1968 head of largest group, al Fatah, Yasir
Arafat named chairman of PLO
20
Goal of the PLO is to establish a homeland for
the Palestinian people
21
Among the groups associated with the PLO
are Black September PLF PFLP
22
Members of Black September executed the first
terrorist act to get the notice of the entire
world. The kidnapping and killing of Israeli
athletes at the Munich Olympics
23
The PLF led by Abu Abaas executed attacks at the
Vienna and Rome airports and hijacked the
passenger ship Achille Lauro, killing an American
24
The PFLP performed the first political hijacking
in 1968 In 1972 they launch an attack in the
Israeli International Airport with the Japanese
Red Army In 1976 they hijacked a plane for Tel
Aviv and took it to Entebbe, Uganda
25
In 1974 the UN recognizes the PLO as the official
representatives of the Palestinian people
26
1993 Oslo Accords Calls for steps towards self
rule in West bank and Gaza Palestinian
Authority Arafat first President
27
Arafat dies in 2004 and is succeeded by Mahmoud
Abbas
28
Hamas Founded 1987 by Sheikh Ahmed
Yassin Branch of Muslim Brotherhood Formed
during 1st Intifada
29
Hamas combines Palestinian nationalism with
Islamic (Sunni) fundamentalism
30
Published goals destruction of
Israel combine Gaza, West Bank and Israel to
raise the banner of Allah over every inch of
Palestine peace talks no good we can not live
with the enemy
31
Hamas devotes money to social services such as
schools, orphanages clinics and soup
kitchen Also calls suicide attacks the F-16 of
the Palestinian people
32
Hamas has challenged the PLO for leadership of
the Palestinian Authority and has a majority of
the seats in the legislature in 2006. Hamas
controls Gaza and Fatah controls the West Bank
33
Hezbollah
34
Founded in 1982 in response to Israels
occupation of South Lebanon
35
Hezbollah is a Shiite organization, associated
with Iran
36
Hezbollah operates in southern Lebanon They fire
rockets across the border and organize raids and
suicide bombings
37
(No Transcript)
38
Hezbollah was responsible for the bombing of the
Marine barracks in 1983 that killed 241 U.S.
Marines They also participate in kidnapping
Westerners in Lebanon
39
(No Transcript)
40
Hezbollah has 14 of the 128 seats in the Lebanese
Parliament