CHAPTER FOUR

1
CHAPTER FOUR

• SOCIALIZATION

2
Socialization and Its Importance

• Process by which people learn their culture
• Roles
• Importance of socialization
• Social control
• Conformity and individuality

3
Theories of Socialization

• Psychoanalytic theory
• Freud
• Who we are is fixed early in life
• Looking-glass self
• Cooley
• Our view of ourselves

4
Theories of Socialization

• Social learning theory
• Identity comes from modeling
• Reinforcement
• Encouragement
• Piaget and Kohlberg

5
Agents of Socialization

• Family
• Schools
• Peers
• Media
• Religion
• Sports

6
Families and Schools

• Families
• 1st source of socialization
• Family dynamics that affect socialization
• Schools
• Values that are taught
• Teachers responses
• Textbooks

7
Peers and Media

• Peers
• Purposes
• Gender differences
• Media
• TV and the Internet
• Violence in media

8
Religion and Sports

• Religion
• Values learned
• Views on roles of males and females
• Sports
• Where ideas of gender differences are formed and
  reinforced
• Title IX

9
Values

• What are they?
• Connection with norms
• Marital fidelity example

10
Pornography Debate

• Anti-pornography
• List 5 reasons why all pornography should be
  illegal
• If 1 exception is allowed, what would it be?
• Pro-pornography
• List 5 reasons why all pornography should be
  legal
• If 1 exception is allowed, what would it be?

11
Adult Socialization

• Lack of continuity between childhood and
  adulthood
• Adult roles often invisible
• Unpredictable role change
• Adult roles change

12
Socialization and the Internet

• Virtual communities
• What types of interaction occur?
• Advantages and disadvantages

13
Childhood and Adolescent Socialization

• Childhood in the Middle Ages
• Primogeniture
• Dower system
• Childrearing
• 17th and 18th century England
• Change in family structure
• Poor laws
• Apprenticeship
• Chancery court

14
Childhood and Adolescent Socialization Today

• Lack of supervision
• Influence of media
• Decline in extracurricular activities
• Increase in adult responsibilities

15
SOCIALIZATION

• END CHAPTER FOUR