Scientific Revolution

1
Scientific Revolution

• Age of Reason
• Use the scientific method, logic to reason things
  out rather than simple acceptance

2
Causes of the Scientific Revolution

• Renaissance questioned accepted beliefs
• Exploration broadens European horizons
• Printing press spreads ideas
• Discoveries of Scientists

3
Nicholas Copernicus

• Polish Scientist
• Heliocentric theory Sun-Centered Universe
• Considered a heretic

4
Geocentric vs. Heliocentric

• Church and Ptolemy taught Geocentric Theory
• Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler tried to disprove
  Copernicus, with the use of an observatory

5
Galileo Galilei

• Italian
• Discoveries pendulum, object acceleration is
  fixed telescope moons surface was not smooth
• Inquisition put him under house arrest

6
Scientific Method

• Sir Frances Bacon and Rene Descartes
• Steps
• Observe and State the problem/question
• Gather information
• Form Hypothesis
• Test
• Analyze/Interpret
• Conclusion
• Repeat the steps

7
Sir Isaac Newton

• Born poor
• Developed Calculus
• Law of Universal Gravitation
• Same physical laws governed motion ion earth and
  in heaven
• Universe was described like a giant clock that
  worked together.

8
William Harvey

• First to correctly describe and prove that blood
  circulates through the body and the heart pumps it

9
Andreas Vesalius

• Flemish physician
• Challenged Galen
• (who studied animals)
• Principle Scientific knowledge is found by
  observing nature
• Studied corpses of Human bodies

10
Age of Enlightenment

• Began in France
• Purpose Understand natural laws that govern
  nature and improve their lives
• Philosophes believed that people could apply
  logic to all aspects of life

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Philosophes Beliefs

• Reason find truth with logic
• Nature is good and reasonable
• Happiness can be achieved if you live by natures
  laws

• Progress human kind could be perfected. Have
  heaven on earth.
• Liberty Frenchmen envied the liberties that the
  English people had won

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Philosophes lovers of wisdom

• Voltaire deist taught tolerance, reason and
  freedom of thought
• Cesare Beccaria Abolish torture, laws preserve
  social order not for vengeance
• Denis Diderot wrote the Encyclopedia, a
  collection of different ideas, took him 20 years
  and it was banned

13
Reactions to New Ideas

• Burned books
• Catholic Church threatens excommunication
• Exiled
• Imprisoned
• Censorship
• Authors wrote fiction
• Salons emerged

14
Enlightened Despots

• Frederick the Great, Prussia religious
  tolerance, free censorship and increased
  education
• Catherine the Great, Russia abolished torture
  and capital punishment
• Joseph II, Austria peasant emperor paid serfs,
  freedom of press,built hospitals, religious
  toleration

15
Sets the Stage for Revolutions

• Encourages people to judge for themselves what is
  right or wrong
• Rely on human reason to solve social problems
• More Secular Outlook

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Preparation for Debate

• Introduction Background info ( birthplace,
  education, family), describe/explain symbol
• Notes for actor and public relations
• Outfit for actor
• Questions for the investigative reporter between
  3-5 questions each
• Be prepared to turn in introduction, notes,
  questions, and symbols