Body Systems

1
Body Systems
2
Phylum Chordata Body Systems

• -Chordates may possess some, but perhaps not all
  of the following complex system
• -The more complex the systems, the more complex
  the organism
• -All following are based on human body systems

3
Skin- Integumentary System

• Epidermis, dermis
• Function Protection, prevent water loss, first
  line of immune system
• Made up of protein Keratin, melanin
• Humans largest organ in the body

4
Bones- Skeletal System

• Function Support, Protection and locomotion
• Made up of osteocyte cells living
• Red blood cells are produced in bone marrow
• Store minerals such as calcium (strengthens bone)
• Impact causes mitosis to occur (keeps bones
  strong)

5
Muscles- Muscular System

• Function locomotion,
• Three types smooth, cardiac and skeletal
• Smooth lines organs involuntary
• Cardiac heart striated, involuntary
• Skeletal striated voluntary

6
Digestive System

• Mouth Esophagus stomach small intestine
  large intestine colon
• Enzymes in mouth begin digestion continues
  through small intestine
• Stomach peristalsis involuntary muscles churn
  food enzymes
• Liver releases digestive salts (bile) and
  filters food for toxins
• Small Intestine absorption of food
• Large intestine reclaims water excretion

7
Nervous System

• Neurons basic nervous cell
• Neurons transmit impulses by the flow of ions
  (K,Cl -, Nat) across synapses (space between
  neurons)
• CNS spinal cord, brain
• PNS peripheral nerves that send signal to
  spinal cord to brain and vice versa

8
Respiratory System

• Lungs, trachea
• Site of gas exchange (O2 in CO2 out) alveoli
  tiny sacs in lungs
• Diaphragm muscle that opens lungs negative
  pressure (air in)

9
Circulatory

• Blood
• Red blood cells carry O2 (hemoglobin binds at
  lungs, releases at site)
• Arteries ? O2 rich blood to body Veins ? O2 poor
  blood to lungs

10
Heart

• More chambers more efficient

11
Blood Flow of heart

• Upper chambers artia
• Lower chambers ventricle
• Rt Atrium oxygen poor blood from body pumps to
  Rt Ventricle ? lungs to get O2 ? Lt Artium
  receives O2 rich blood from lungs ? Lt Ventricle
  pumps O2 rich blood to body

12
Excretory (Urinary) System

• Kidneys, Bladder
• Kidneys filter blood of solutes rid body of
  wastes, excess water
• Based on principle of osmosis and diffusion
• Important in homeostasis

13
Endocrine System

• System of hormones and organs that produce
  hormones. Hormones are chemicals produced in one
  part of the body that effect other parts in the
  body.